ArticleBMC neurology2021
Toscana virus encephalitis in Southwest Germany: a retrospective study.
Article in BMC neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of Toscana Virus in Northern and Central Italy Using Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Imported aseptic meningitis due to Toscana virus infection in Austria since 2006, including a case series from 2023.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- The Role of Hematophagous Arthropods, Other than Mosquitoes and Ticks, in Arbovirus Transmission.Viruses · 2025Review
- Genetic diversity of Toscana virus glycoproteins affects the kinetics of virus entry and the infectivity of newly produced virions.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of Toscana virus in blood donors in mainland Portugal.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Numb-associated kinases regulate sandfly-borne Toscana virus entry.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Toscana virus - an emerging Mediterranean arbovirus transmitted by sand flies.The Journal of general virology · 2024Review
- Review
- Untargeted metagenomic sequencing identifies Toscana virus in patients with idiopathic meningitis, southern Spain, 2015 to 2019.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Observational
- Epidemiology, Isolation, and Genetic Characterization of Toscana Virus in Algerian Patients Displaying Neurological Infection, 2016-2018.IJID regions · 2023Article
- Article
- Toscana Virus Meningoencephalitis in Upper Bavaria.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2022Article
- Sandfly Fever Viruses Attenuate the Type I Interferon Response by Targeting the Phosphorylation of JAK-STAT Components.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundToscana virus (TOSV) is an arthropod-borne virus transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies (Phlebotomus sp.) widespread throughout the Mediterranean having the potential to cause meningoencephalitis in humans. In Germany, the vectors of TOSV are introduced recently and become endemic especially in Southwestern Germany. As TOSV is not investigated regularly in patients with meningoencephalitis, cases of TOSV-neuroinvasive disease may remain mostly undetected.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients with meningoencephalitis without identification of a causal pathogen from 2006 to 2016. Serologic assessment for anti-TOSV-IgG and IgM was performed on serum and CSF. Demographic, clinical and CSF data from TOSV-positive patients were compared to a cohort of patients with meningoencephalitis due to enterovirus. Informed consent was obtained from all included patients.
resultsWe found 138 patients with meningoencephalitis without identified causal pathogen. From 98 of these patients CSF and serum was available for further testing. Additionally, we included 27 patients with meningoencephalitis due to enterovirus. We identified two patients with serological confirmed TOSV-neuroinvasive disease (TOSV-IgM and IgG positive, 2%) and two patients with possible TOSV-neuroinvasive disease (isolated TOSV-IgM positive, 2%). Overall, TOSV-neuroinvasive was detected in 4% of our cases with suspected viral meningoencephalitis. None of them had a history of recent travel to an endemic area.
conclusionsWe found cases of TOSV-neuroinvasive disease in our German cohort of patients with meningoencephalitis. As no recent history of travel to an endemic area was reported, it remains probable that these cases resemble autochthonous infections, albeit we cannot draw conclusions regarding the origin of the respective vectors. TOSV could be considered in patients with meningoencephalitis in Germany.
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