Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34937249›Full record

ArticleIndian journal of ophthalmology2022

Burden of ocular morbidities and color blindness among school-attending children in a foothill town of Uttarakhand State.

Sanjeev K Mittal, Sunita Mittal, Neeraj K Saraswat, Surekha Kishore, Ajai Agrawal, Anupam Singh, Ramanuj Samanta, Yogesh A Bahurupi

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sanjeev K MittalDepartment of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
Sunita MittalDepartment of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
Neeraj K SaraswatDepartment of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
Surekha KishoreDirector, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ajai AgrawalDepartment of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
Anupam SinghDepartment of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
Ramanuj SamantaDepartment of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
Yogesh A BahurupiDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences RishikeshAll India Institute of Medical Sciences · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo estimate prevalence of common ocular morbidities including color blindness among school-attending children of an urban foothill town of Uttarakhand State in Northern India.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among school-going children of age group 6-16 years of standard I-XII. Schools were selected using population proportionate to the size sampling technique. Detailed ocular examination including color vision and unaided or aided visual acuity for various ocular morbidities was done. Data was entered into MS excel with statistical analysis using SPSS version 23 with significant P value <0.05.

resultsIn total, 13,492 students (mean age 10.9 ± 2.7 years) with almost equal male to female ratio were screened. Overall prevalence of ocular morbidity was 23.2%, with refractive error (18.5%) on top, followed by color blindness (2.2%). The later was observed more among males (3.0%) as compared to females (1.4%) with significantly higher odds, OR = 2.3 (1.7-2.9) (P < 0.001).

conclusionRefractive error has been the most common ocular morbidity, followed by color blindness. Earliest detection can prevent permanent disability and disappointment among youngsters when rejected from entering certain professions due to color vision defect.

Indexed as

Color Vision DefectsRefractive ErrorsAdolescentBlindnessChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMorbidityPrevalenceSchoolsChildhood ocular morbiditycolor blindnessprevalencerefractive errorschool eye screening

Identifiers

PMID34937249
PMCPMC8917596
OpenAlexW4200003222

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.