Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34937207›Full record

ArticleIndian journal of ophthalmology2022

Association of screen time, quality of sleep and dry eye in college-going women of Northern India.

Parul Chawla Gupta, Minakshi Rana, Mamta Ratti, Mona Duggal, Aniruddha Agarwal, Surbhi Khurana, Deepak Jugran, Nisha Bhargava, Jagat Ram

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Video display terminals - A wake-up call.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Parul Chawla GuptaAdvanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Minakshi RanaDepartment of Sociology, Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women, Chandigarh, India.
Mamta RattiDepartment of Commerce, Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women, Chandigarh, India.
Mona DuggalAdvanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Aniruddha AgarwalDepartment of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Surbhi KhuranaAdvanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Deepak JugranAdvanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Nisha BhargavaPrincipal, Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women, Chandigarh, India.
Jagat RamAdvanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo evaluate the association of daily screen time and quality of sleep with the prevalence of dry eye among college-going women.

methodsThis study was a cross-sectional, comparative questionnaire-based study of 547 college-going women in northern India. A 10-item Mini Sleep Questionnaire was used to check the quality of sleep, and the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) scale was used to examine the prevalence of dry eye among college-going women.

resultsMultinomial logistic regression showed a significant association between dry eye with daily screen time spent (P < 0.05) and the quality of sleep (P < 0.05) among college-going girls. Using Latent Class Analysis, two latent classes were selected based on the Bayesian Information Criteria. It was found that the majority population falls in class two and was having Severe Sleep-Wake difficulty. It was seen that the participants in class two belonged to the age bracket of 18-21 years, were from stream Humanities, education of father and mother equal to graduation, father working only, belonging to the nuclear family, having one sibling, hailing from the urban locality, spending more than 6 h daily on-screen, a majority of them using mobile phones, not using eye lubricants, and reported an increase in screen time during COVID-19.

conclusionDry eye and sleep quality are essential global health issues, and coupled with increased screen time, may pose a challenge in the present era. Preventive strategies need to be incorporated in school and college curriculums to promote physical, social, and psychological well-being and quality of life.

Indexed as

COVID-19Dry Eye SyndromesAdolescentAdultBayes TheoremCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIndiaQuality of LifeSARS-CoV-2Screen TimeSleepSleep QualitySurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultComputer vision syndromedigital eye strainLatent Class AnalysisMini Sleep QuestionnaireSPEED questionnaire

Identifiers

PMID34937207
PMCPMC8917561

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.