ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2021
Neutrophil-Mediated Lung Injury Both via TLR2-Dependent Production of IL-1α and IL-12 p40, and TLR2-Independent CARDS Toxin after Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Mice.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, risk factors, and early prediction of refractory pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Neutrophils promote endothelial cell activation in pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Risk factors and construction of prediction model for plastic bronchitis in children withTranslational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: predictive value of heparin-binding protein for severity assessment.Pediatric research · 2026Observational
- Prior acute ozone injury modulates inflammatory responses to subsequent repetitive ozone exposures in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Attenuated efficacy of Streptococcus salivarius K12 against Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in mice.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Host immune dysfunction and Mycoplasma pneumoniae immune evasion: dual drivers of pathogenesis in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Nasal delivery ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- The Expression Levels and Clinical Significance of CARDS TX, MyD88, and IL-8 of Children With Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- A multi-epitope vaccine targetingFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation inFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Prior acute ozone injury dampens Th2 responses to subsequent repetitive ozone exposures in mice.Research square · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Efficacy of an Anti-P116-661 Polyclonal Antibody AgainstPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Role and Potential Application of IL-12 in the Immune Regulation of Tuberculosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- DNAH9 variants in children with post-infectious bronchiolitis/bronchitis obliterans.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Article
- [Protective effect ofNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2024Article
- Significance of respiratory virus coinfection in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Suppressing neutrophil itaconate production attenuates Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) residing extracellularly in the respiratory tract is the primary cause of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia in humans. However, the detailed pathological mechanism of Mp infection, especially inflammation in the lung, remains unclear. This study examined the role of the neutrophils in the inflammation of Mp-induced pneumonia in mice and the mechanism of neutrophil infiltration into the lungs in the Mp-induced pneumonia. We observed massive infiltration of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung injury after the Mp challenge. The neutrophils were shown to contribute to lung injury in Mp pneumonia but were not involved in eliminating Mp, suggesting that neutrophils are detrimental to the host in Mp pneumonia. Mp also induced the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the BALF in a toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent manner. Particularly, both interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-12 p40 played a crucial role in neutrophil infiltration into the BALF in a coordinated manner. Both IL-1α and IL-12 p40 were released from the alveolar macrophages depending on the TLR2 and reactive oxygen species. In addition, the community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin from Mp were found to induce neutrophil infiltration into BALF in a TLR2-independent and IL-1α-dependent manner. Collectively, the TLR2-dependent production of both IL-1α and IL-12 p40, and CARDS toxin have been elucidated to play an important role in neutrophil infiltration into the lungs subsequently leading to the lung injury upon Mp infection in mice. These data will aid in the development of therapeutics and vaccines for Mp pneumonia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.