ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
Free-ranging pigs identified as a multi-reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the Vavoua area, a historical sleeping sickness focus of Côte d'Ivoire.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT): Epidemiology, Biological Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review.Acta parasitologica · 2025Review
- Challenges and lessons from a vector control campaign targeting Glossina palpalis palpalis in an isolated protected forest area in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Article
- Performance of diagnostic tests for Trypanosoma brucei brucei in experimentally infected pigs.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Towards the sustainable elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire using an integrated approach.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Prevalence of blood and skin trypanosomes in domestic and wild fauna from two sleeping sickness foci in Southern Cameroon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Molecular epidemiological survey of pathogenic trypanosomes in naturally infected cattle in northern Côte d'ivoire.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2023Article
- [Towards elimination of human African trypanosomiasis].Medecine tropicale et sante internationale · 2023Article
- Tsetse fly ecology and risk of transmission of African trypanosomes related to a protected forest area at a military base in the city of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2023Article
- Molecular Identification of Trypanosome Diversity in Domestic Animals Reveals the Presence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses: proper use of current tools and future prospects.Parasites & vectors · 2022Review
- Enhancing research integration to improve One Health actions: learning lessons from neglected tropical diseases experiences.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Experimental evidence that immune trypanolysis using the LiTat 1.3 and LiTat 1.5 variant antigen types is not specific to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in pigs.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2022Article
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Abstract
backgroundThe existence of an animal reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T. b. gambiense), the agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), may compromise the interruption of transmission targeted by World Health Organization. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of trypanosomes in pigs and people in the Vavoua HAT historical focus where cases were still diagnosed in the early 2010's.
methodsFor the human survey, we used the CATT, mini-anion exchange centrifugation technique and immune trypanolysis tests. For the animal survey, the buffy coat technique was also used as well as the PCR using Trypanosoma species specific, including the T. b. gambiense TgsGP detection using single round and nested PCRs, performed from animal blood samples and from strains isolated from subjects positive for parasitological investigations.
resultsNo HAT cases were detected among 345 people tested. A total of 167 pigs were investigated. Free-ranging pigs appeared significantly more infected than pigs in pen. Over 70% of free-ranging pigs were positive for CATT and parasitological investigations and 27-43% were positive to trypanolysis depending on the antigen used. T. brucei was the most prevalent species (57%) followed by T. congolense (24%). Blood sample extracted DNA of T. brucei positive subjects were negative to single round TgsGP PCR. However, 1/22 and 6/22 isolated strains were positive with single round and nested TgsGP PCRs, respectively. DISCUSSION: Free-ranging pigs were identified as a multi-reservoir of T. brucei and/or T. congolense with mixed infections of different strains. This trypanosome diversity hinders the easy and direct detection of T. b. gambiense. We highlight the lack of tools to prove or exclude with certainty the presence of T. b. gambiense. This study once more highlights the need of technical improvements to explore the role of animals in the epidemiology of HAT.
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