ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2022
E-Cigarette Dependence in Youth.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patient-reported outcomes for monitoring substance use treatment: A systematic review of single-item measures.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions for quitting vaping.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for quitting vaping.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- What is the Addictive Potential from Vaping?Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional study of predictors of perceptions of addiction among college students using Electronic Nicotine Delivery System users.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- E-cigarette use and associated factors among adolescents and young adults in northern Thailand: evidence from a population-based household survey.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- An observational human laboratory assessment of nicotine delivery, vaping topography and subjective effects of usual brand electronic cigarette use among young adults.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Observational
- Help-seeking behaviours among cannabis consumers in Canada and the United States: Findings from the international cannabis policy study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Social Media Exposure and Other Correlates of Increased e-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents During Remote Schooling: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2024Article
- Comparison of Indicators of Dependence for Vaping and Smoking: Trends Between 2017 and 2022 Among Youth in Canada, England, and the United States.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Interventions for quitting vaping.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Adolescents' Experiences and Perceptions of E-Cigarettes and Nicotine Addiction.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- A Machine Learning Approach Reveals Distinct Predictors of Vaping Dependence for Adolescent Daily and Non-Daily Vapers in the COVID-19 Era.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Supporting Youth Vaping Cessation With the Crush the Crave Smartphone App: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) dependence among Texas Young Adults, 2014-2019: Increasing trajectory after the 2017 surge in vape pod popularity.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Peer Vaped Nicotine Use in Adolescents and Young Adults: Associations With Abstinence and Intervention Adherence During a Quit Attempt.Substance use : research and treatmentArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe majority of e-cigarette vaping youth use nicotine when vaping. Some then become dependent on the nicotine, which can result in subsequent health effects. There has been limited evaluation of convergent validity of e-cigarette dependence measures for use specifically in youth. The aim of this study was to investigate and validate various e-cigarette dependence measures for use in youth populations. AIMS AND
methodsOne thousand two hundred and five Canadian youth aged 16-24 who completed a cross-sectional online survey reported vaping at least monthly and were thus included in the analysis. E-cigarette dependence was assessed using a modified Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (PS-ECDI), the E-Cigarette Dependence Scale (EDS), a self-perceived vaping dependence question, and time to first vape after waking. Internal consistency, convergent validity, and concurrent validity of the measures were assessed.
resultsBoth the PS-ECDI and the EDS exhibited a good degree of internal consistency (α = 0.8472 and 0.8405, respectively). All measures exhibited convergent validity against each other and against time to first vape upon waking (p < .001), as well as concurrent validity against vaping frequency and nicotine concentration (p < .001). The PS-ECDI was inferior to the EDS, self-perceived measure, and time from waking when predicting daily vaping frequency, but, along with the self-perceived measure, was superior to the EDS and time from waking when predicting monthly vaping.
conclusionsAll measures exhibit convergent and concurrent validity, as well as internal consistency. Depending on the needs of the study, it would be appropriate to use any of these measures when assessing e-cigarette dependence in adolescent and young-adult populations. IMPLICATIONS: The PS-ECDI and the self-perceived measure are equally effective in predicting monthly vaping, but the self-perceived measure was superior in predicting daily vaping. Thus, the one-item self-perceived measure of dependence is appropriate for use and preferable to the 11-item PS-ECDI or the 4-item EDS in situations of limited time or where subjects are at risk of respondent fatigue, and is superior to time to first vape after waking to predict vaping frequency.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.