ArticleJournal of virology2022
SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Coinfections in Ferrets.
Article in Journal of virology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Reduction of virus isolation effectiveness from throat swab double positive to H1N1pdm09 and H3N2 influenza A virus strain with SARS-CoV-2 virus in cell cultures.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Influenza-Infected Pigs Are Not Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Respiratory viral coinfections: interactions, mechanisms and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- The Unprecedented Influenza Epidemic of 2024/2025: Overshadowing the COVID-19 Winter Wave and Exploring Viral Interference.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Experimental Models to Investigate Viral and Cellular Dynamics in Respiratory Viral Co-Infections.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Interactions between zoonotic pathogens and infectious disease spread: Why understanding mechanisms and modelling matters more than ever.Biosafety and health · 2025Review
- EIDD-2801 resists to infection and co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Dynamic Interaction Between SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Infection in Human Respiratory Tissues and Cells.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Review
- Progress in combination vaccines and the co-administration of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Respiratory syncytial virus infection provides protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus challenge.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Single immunization with an influenza hemagglutinin nanoparticle-based vaccine elicits durable protective immunity.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Interspecies Transmission of Swine Influenza A Viruses and Human Seasonal Vaccine-Mediated Protection Investigated in Ferret Model.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- The interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with cocirculating pathogens: Epidemiological implications and current knowledge gaps.PLoS pathogens · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and seasonal influenza viruses are cocirculating in the human population. However, only a few cases of viral coinfection with these two viruses have been documented in humans with some people having severe disease and others mild disease. To examine this phenomenon, ferrets were coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and human seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs; H1N1 or H3N2) and were compared to animals that received each virus alone. Ferrets were either immunologically naive to both viruses or vaccinated with the 2019 to 2020 split-inactivated influenza virus vaccine. Coinfected naive ferrets lost significantly more body weight than ferrets infected with each virus alone and had more severe inflammation in both the nose and lungs compared to that of ferrets that were single infected with each virus. Coinfected, naive animals had predominantly higher IAV titers than SARS-CoV-2 titers, and IAVs were efficiently transmitted by direct contact to the cohoused ferrets. Comparatively, SARS-CoV-2 failed to transmit to the ferrets that cohoused with coinfected ferrets by direct contact. Moreover, vaccination significantly reduced IAV titers and shortened the viral shedding but did not completely block direct contact transmission of the influenza virus. Notably, vaccination significantly ameliorated influenza-associated disease by protecting vaccinated animals from severe morbidity after IAV single infection or IAV and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, suggesting that seasonal influenza virus vaccination is pivotal to prevent severe disease induced by IAV and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.