Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34936466›Full record

ArticleScience advances2021

Stress ball morphogenesis: How the lizard builds its lung.

Michael A Palmer, Bryan A Nerger, Katharine Goodwin, Anvitha Sudhakar, Sandra B Lemke, Pavithran T Ravindran, Jared E Toettcher, Andrej Košmrlj, Celeste M Nelson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Biophysical processes of morphogenesis in lizard lungs.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Pulmonary development in Squamata: Insights from embryonic studies using micro-CT.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Biophysical mechanisms of morphogenesis in lizard lungs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  7. The Mechanics of Building Functional Organs.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Conserved physical mechanisms of cell and tissue elongation.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Morphogenetic Roles of Hydrostatic Pressure in Animal Development.Annual review of cell and developmental biology · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Michael A PalmerDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9545-4042
Bryan A NergerDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5702-1844
Katharine GoodwinLewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
Anvitha SudhakarDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
Sandra B LemkeDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3817-4351
Pavithran T RavindranDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8669-8360
Jared E ToettcherDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1546-4030
Andrej KošmrljDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6137-9200
Celeste M NelsonDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9973-8870

Funding

Harnessing optogenetics to diagnose and therapeutically rewire cancer cell signalingDP2EB024247 · NIBIB · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI TOETTCHER, JARED E · 2016 to 2016
$2.4M
Mechanical Forces and the Regulation of Airway Progenitor CellsR01HD099030 · NICHD · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI NELSON, CELESTE M · 2019 to 2023
$1.7M
Mechanical Regulation of Mesenchyme and Mammalian Lung DevelopmentR01HL120142 · NHLBI · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI NELSON, CELESTE M · 2014 to 2017
$1.6M
Mechanical regulation of branching morphogenesisR21HL110335 · NHLBI · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI NELSON, CELESTE M · 2011 to 2012
$443k
Exogenous Fluid Forces and Branching of the Mammalian LungR21HL118532 · NHLBI · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI NELSON, CELESTE M · 2014 to 2015
$442k
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL120142NHLBI NIH HHS R21 HL110335NHLBI NIH HHS R21 HL118532NIBIB NIH HHS DP2 EB024247NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD099030
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The function of the lung is closely coupled to its structural anatomy, which varies greatly across vertebrates. Although architecturally simple, a complex pattern of airflow is thought to be achieved in the lizard lung due to its cavernous central lumen and honeycomb-shaped wall. We find that the wall of the lizard lung is generated from an initially smooth epithelial sheet, which is pushed through holes in a hexagonal smooth muscle meshwork by forces from fluid pressure, similar to a stress ball. Combining transcriptomics with time-lapse imaging reveals that the hexagonal meshwork self-assembles in response to circumferential and axial stresses downstream of pressure. A computational model predicts the pressure-driven changes in epithelial topology, which we probe using optogenetically driven contraction of 3D-printed engineered muscle. These results reveal the physical principles used to sculpt the unusual architecture of the lizard lung, which could be exploited as a novel strategy to engineer tissues.

Identifiers

PMID34936466
PMCPMC8694616

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.