ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2022
The legislative framework of donor human milk and human milk banking in Europe.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human milk banking services: an umbrella review.Public health nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Policies and guidelines supporting the sustainability of human milk donation to milk banks in Switzerland: a document analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2025Pooled it
- Improving resilience in human milk banking: workshop proceedings, 11th November, London UK.BMC proceedings · 2026Article
- [From Food Product to Substance of Human Origin - Regulation (EC) 2024/1938 and its Impact on the Handling of Human Milk].Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie · 2026Review
- Bridging the Milk Gap: Integrating a Human Milk Bank-Blood Bank Model to Reinforce Lactation Support and Neonatal Care.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Cost of operating a human milk bank in the UK: a microcosting analysis.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2025Article
- Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Article
- Impact of mother's own milkMicrobiome research reports · 2025Review
- Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol.HRB open research · 2025Article
- Disparities in being able to donate human milk impacts upon maternal wellbeing: Lessons for scaling up milk bank service provision.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Conceptualizing the Commercialization of Human Milk: A Concept Analysis.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2024Review
- Nonprofit human milk banking: On a challenging path to global equity.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- A comparative review of human milk banking and national tissue banking programs.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Review
- Human milk products in the National Health Service: a cross-sectional survey of use and industry contact across England's trusts.JRSM open · 2024Article
- Pressure to provide milk among mothers of very low birth weight infants: an explorative study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Emergency response and preparedness among Polish human milk banks: a comparison of the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 Ukrainian refugee crisis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Multisensory stimulation and its effect on breast milk volume production in mothers of premature infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Comparison between the for-profit human milk industry and nonprofit human milk banking: Time for regulation?Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Peer-to-Peer Human Milk-Sharing Among Israeli Milk Donors: A Mixed-Methods Study in the Land of Milk and Honey.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2023Article
- [Operating models and organizational structures: opportunities and challenges for human milk banking in Germany].Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Data about the regulatory approaches to donor human milk (DHM) in European countries are lacking. The aim of this study is to describe the various regulations of DHM within European countries, to assess its legislative context and its impact in relation to donor milk banking. We performed a cross-sectional survey using a semistructured online questionnaire addressing 29 national European milk-banking representatives from June 2020 to February 2021. Representatives of 26 national DHM services participated in this study. The legal classification and regulatory status of DHM were defined in 9 out of 26 areas of jurisdiction (35%) as either food product (n = 6), product of human origin according to a blood, tissue, cell regulation (n = 2), or medicinal product (n = 1). In the remainder, DHM remains unclassified. Most legislations did not provide a comprehensive framework concerning DHM and costs to cover milk bank operations were rarely reimbursed. In general, the lack of national legislative governance and the actual legislative regulations in place do not support the use of DHM in European countries. National medical guidelines for the use of DHM have been issued in only 11 countries. The current number and distribution of milk banks (n = 239) within participating countries may not provide an equitable access to DHM for eligible infants. These findings could guide stakeholders aiming to establish a regulatory framework for DHM.
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