ArticleThe Journal of cardiovascular nursing
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk Is Associated With Severity of Metabolic Syndrome: A Secondary Analysis of the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Article in The Journal of cardiovascular nursing. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and metabolic syndrome: a severity-stratified meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Association between obstructive sleep apnea and sex hormones in U.S. adult males: a population-based study.Sexual medicine · 2026Article
- Machine learning approach for predicting the severity risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Frontiers in big data · 2026Article
- Body Roundness Index Versus Body Mass Index: Differential Associations With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and All-Cause Mortality in US Adults Aged 20 Years and Older.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Association Between Risk Factors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Oral Dysfunction and Lifestyle Behavior in Korean Adults Using Data from the Eighth Cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The triple overlap of COPD, severe obesity, and high risk of OSA: insights from an NHANES analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- The impact of obstructive sleep apnea on early surgical site infections in elderly PLIF patients: a retrospective propensity score-matched analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Association between obstructive sleep apnea and Tinnitus in the United States: NHANES 2005-2020.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Article
- Non-linear association of the metabolic score for insulin resistance with obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2015-2018.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The Relationship between Sleep and Physical Activity by Age, Race, and Gender.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Association between adherence to life's simple 7 metrics and risk of obstructive sleep apnea among adults in the United States.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- The effect of PAP on UACR and metabolic indexes in patients with MS and OSAHS.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Article
- Association between the triglyceride glucose index and obstructive sleep apnea and its symptoms: results from the NHANES.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Associations between obstructive sleep apnea risk and urinary incontinence: Insights from a nationally representative survey.PloS one · 2024Article
- Oxidative balance score was negatively associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome severity, and all-cause mortality of patients with metabolic syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Apnoeic Individuals: Role of Comorbid Insomnia Disorder.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. The co-occurrence of OSA with MetS is common, but there are limited data on how OSA risk exacerbates the metabolic impairments present in MetS. The purpose of this analysis was to examine in a representative sample of participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018 cohorts (1) the association of modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors with OSA risk and MetS severity and (2) the influence of OSA risk and lifestyle behaviors on MetS severity.
methodsMetabolic syndrome severity was assessed using MetS Z score, whereas the risk of OSA was measured via multivariable apnea prediction index. Data analyses were conducted using the sample weights provided by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
resultsThe sample (N = 11 288) included adults (>20 years old) who were overweight (mean body mass index, 29.6 ± 0.2 kg/m 2 ), representative by race (36.9% non-White) and gender (51.9% female). Overall, 19.3% of the sample had elevated MetS severity (MetS Z score ≥ 1), and 38.4% were at a high risk of OSA (multivariable apnea prediction score of ≥0.50). High OSA risk was associated with having elevated MetS severity (odds ratio [OR], 4.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.68-6.65). Obstructive sleep apnea risk predicted increased MetS severity (adjusted: B = 0.06, SE = 0.02, P = .013). Physical activity provided the highest protection from increased MetS severity (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.39-0.70) and OSA risk (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.53-0.66).
conclusionOur findings suggest that increased OSA risk exacerbates MetS severity and that greater physical activity may mitigate the risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.