SynthesisParasite (Paris, France)2021
Frequency of pyrethroid resistance in human head louse treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Parasite (Paris, France), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- High prevalence of pediculosis, associated factors, and exploratory detection of the knockdown resistance mutations in head lice from school settings in Chonburi Province, eastern Thailand.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Molecular screening for Rickettsia, Anaplasma, and Coxiella in head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) collected from primary school girls in Fars Province, Iran (2024).BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Treatment failure of over-the-counter pediculicide shampoos in Thai schoolgirls: Evidence of insecticide resistance.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- In-silico study: Hm86 protein of Hyalomma marginatum (Ixodida) as a candidate to provide anti-tick vaccine.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- In Vitro Evaluation of the Efficacy of 27 French Over-the-Counter Anti-lice Treatments.Cureus · 2025Article
- Therapeutic potential of plant-based therapies in pediculosis capitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- First Report of the Gene Mutations Associated with Permethrin Resistance in Head Lice (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Epidemiological analysis of pediculosis and the distribution of kdr mutation frequency in head lice populations in Torbat Heydarieh city of Khorasan Razavi Province, Northeastern Iran.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- The association between knockdown resistance and treatment outcome of 1% permethrin lotion in head lice infestations in Nonthaburi province, Thailand.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Article
- Review
- Organochlorine knockdown-resistance (kdr) association in housefly (Parasite epidemiology and control · 2023Review
- Evaluation of resistance of human head lice to pyrethroid insecticides: A meta-analysis study.Heliyon · 2023Article
- A comprehensive survey of permethrin resistance in human head louse populations from northwest Iran: ex vivo and molecular monitoring of knockdown resistance alleles.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Nanoparticles: A Potential and Effective Method to Control Insect-Borne Diseases.Bioinorganic chemistry and applications · 2023Review
- Physically Acting Treatments for Head Lice-Can We Still Claim They Are 'Resistance Proof'?Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Pyrethroid-linked resistance allelic mutations by molecular analysis in wild human head louse (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) populations from schoolgirls of South Iran.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2022Article
- Molecular and Functional Characterization of GABA Receptor Subunits GRD and LCCH3 from Human LouseMolecular pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are one of the most common insects causing infestations in humans worldwide, and infestation is associated with adverse socio-economic and public health effects. The development of genetic insensitivity (e.g., target site insensitivity = knockdown resistance or kdr) to topical insecticides has impaired effective treatment. Therefore, this study was undertaken to review and meta-analyze the frequency of pyrethroid resistance in treated head louse populations from the beginning of 2000 to the end of June 2021 worldwide. In order to accomplish this, all English language articles published over this period were extracted and reviewed. Statistical analyses of data were performed using fixed and random effect model tests in meta-analysis, Cochrane, meta-regression and I2 index. A total of 24 articles from an initial sample size of 5033 were accepted into this systematic review. The mean frequency of pyrethroid resistance was estimated to be 76.9%. In collected resistant lice, 64.4% were homozygote and 30.3% were heterozygote resistant. Globally, four countries (Australia, England, Israel, and Turkey) have 100% kdr gene frequencies, likely resulting in the ineffectiveness of pyrethrin- and pyrethroid-based pediculicides. The highest resistance recorded in these studies was against permethrin. This study shows that pyrethroid resistance is found at relatively high frequencies in many countries. As a result, treatment with current insecticides may not be effective and is likely the cause of increased levels of infestations. It is recommended that resistance status be evaluated prior to insecticide treatment, to increase efficacy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.