ArticlePediatrics2022
Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 in Children.
Article in Pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 268 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiology Consult for the General Pediatrician after Cardiac Manifestations from a SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Current pediatric reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Pediatric Critical COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Pooled it
- Guidance for prevention and management of COVID-19 in children and adolescents: A consensus statement from the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Pediatric COVID-19 Therapies Taskforce.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Casirivimab and Imdevimab (CAS + IMD) in Pediatric Outpatients With COVID-19.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Trial
- Bivalent Omicron BA.4/BA.5 BNT162b2 Vaccine in 6-Month- to <12-Year-Olds.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Trial
- Evaluation of mRNA-1273 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 6 to 11 Years of Age.The New England journal of medicine · 2022Trial
- Management of long COVID-19 in children and adolescents: from diagnosis to therapeutically approaches.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Risk Factors of COVID-19 Severity and Related Death in Children in the Post-Pandemic Era.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Tracking the soluble biomarkers of MIS-C and their association with clinical parameters and severity.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Article
- Outcome of and Risk Factors for Mortality in Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 Encephalitis During the 2022 Omicron Wave in Taiwan: A National Retrospective Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Young Children Hospitalized With Acute Respiratory Failure From Infection With Respiratory Syncytial Virus, SARS-CoV-2, or Both, November 2023-March 2024.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Family perspective on caring for children with chronic conditions in the pre- and trans-pandemic contexts of COVID-19.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2026Article
- Severity of COVID-19 in hospitalised children in Espírito Santo, Brazil: a comparative analysis of pre- and post-Omicron periods.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2026Observational
- Clinical Characteristics of Adenovirus Pneumonia in Children.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Severity Among Pediatric Inpatients in a National Healthcare Database.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Observational
- COVID-19-Related Healthcare Resource Utilisation and Costs in Paediatric Patients in Germany: A Population-Based Study.Advances in therapy · 2025Article
- Post-acute dyslipidemia and abnormal BMI in children and adolescents with COVID-19: An EHR Cohort Study from the RECOVER Initiative.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Clinical Course of COVID-19 in Children With Adrenal Insufficiency: Results From National Data.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Distinct pro-inflammatory/pro-angiogenetic signatures distinguish children with Long COVID from controls.Pediatric research · 2025Article
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 16 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesDescribe population-based rates and risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (ie, ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, or death) among hospitalized children.
methodsDuring March 2020 to May 2021, the COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network identified 3106 children hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in 14 states. Among 2293 children primarily admitted for COVID-19, multivariable generalized estimating equations generated adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the associations between demographic and medical characteristics abstracted from medical records and severe COVID-19. We calculated age-adjusted cumulative population-based rates of severe COVID-19 among all children.
resultsApproximately 30% of hospitalized children had severe COVID-19; 0.5% died during hospitalization. Among hospitalized children aged <2 years, chronic lung disease (aRR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.3), neurologic disorders (aRR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5‒2.6), cardiovascular disease (aRR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2‒2.3), prematurity (aRR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1‒2.2), and airway abnormality (aRR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1‒2.2) were associated with severe COVID-19. Among hospitalized children aged 2 to 17 years, feeding tube dependence (aRR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5‒2.5), diabetes mellitus (aRR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.6‒2.3) and obesity (aRR: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0‒1.4) were associated with severe COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 occurred among 12.0 per 100 000 children overall and was highest among infants, Hispanic children, and non-Hispanic Black children.
conclusionsResults identify children at potentially higher risk of severe COVID-19 who may benefit from prevention efforts, including vaccination. Rates establish a baseline for monitoring changes in pediatric illness severity after increased availability of COVID-19 vaccines and the emergence of new variants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.