ArticleEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)2021
Urinary concentrations of phenols and parabens and incident diabetes in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.
Article in Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of Urinary Triclosan Concentrations Across Gestation and Childhood with the Adolescent Gut Microbiome.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Associations between pollutants, the regularity of daily sex hormone patterns, and hormone profiles over a complete menstrual cycle.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Metabolism-disrupting compounds and metabolic health during the menopausal transition: a narrative review.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Review
- Nonlinear relationship between urinary benzophenone-3 and diabetes risk among American adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Association of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals With the Metabolic Syndrome Among Women in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- New environmental factors related to diabetes risk in humans: Emerging bisphenols used in synthesis of plastics.World journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- Phthalates and Incident Diabetes in Midlife Women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Rethinking diabetes in the United States.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEnvironmental phenols have been suggested as diabetogens but evidence from prospective cohort studies is limited. We examined associations between urinary concentrations of phenols and parabens, assessed at two time-points, and incident diabetes in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).
methodsWe examined 1,299 women, aged 45-56 years, who were diabetes-free at baseline of the SWAN Multi-Pollutant Study (MPS) (1999-2000) and were followed through January 2017. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol-A, bisphenol-F, triclosan, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, benzophenone-3, methyl-paraben, ethyl-paraben, propyl-paraben, and butyl-paraben were measured twice at MPS baseline and 3 years later (2002-2003), and the two average concentrations were used as exposure variables. Associations of incident diabetes with individual phenols and parabens were examined using Cox regression. We evaluated the overall joint effects using quantile-based g-computation.
resultsAdjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes of the third tertile compared with the first tertile of urinary concentrations were 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29, 0.56) for methyl-paraben; 0.42 (0.30, 0.58) for propyl-paraben; 0.53 (0.38, 0.75) for 2,5-diclrorophenol; and 0.55 (0.39, 0.80) for benzophenone-3. Nonlinear associations were found for bisphenol-A and 2,4-dichlorophenol (significant positive associations in the second tertile but no associations in the third tertile compared with the first tertile). No significant associations were observed for the other individual chemicals or the joint effect of mixtures.
conclusionsOur findings do not support diabetogenic effects of urinary parabens which were inversely associated with incident diabetes among mid-life women. Epidemiologic findings for biomarkers with short half-lives and high within-person variability need to be interpreted with caution.
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