Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34933916›Full record

ArticleGut2023

Epidemiological trends and trajectories of MAFLD-associated hepatocellular carcinoma 2002-2033: the ITA.LI.CA database.

Alessandro Vitale, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Alessio Ortolani, Monica Cucco, Giulio V Dalla Riva, Edoardo G Giannini, Fabio Piscaglia, Gianludovico Rapaccini, Mariella Di Marco, Eugenio Caturelli and 23 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Gut, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
117citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

117 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Review
  7. Stratifying Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With HCC Receiving Atezolizumab/Bevacizumab: A Comparison of ESC and CARDIOSOR Scores.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026
    Observational
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  20. Improving surgical treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026
    Review

57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

Alessandro Vitale *Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni *Liver Disease and Transplant Unit, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy gsvegliati@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-4399-3359
Alessio OrtolaniDepartment of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliera Marche Nord Pesaro, Pesaro, Italy.
Monica CuccoLiver Disease and Transplant Unit, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Giulio V Dalla RivaSchool of Mathematics and Statistics University of Canterbury, Statistics University of Canterbury, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Edoardo G GianniniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Genova, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8526-837X
Fabio PiscagliaDivision of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8264-1845
Gianludovico RapacciniGastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
Mariella Di MarcoMedicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Bolognini, Seriate, Italy.
Eugenio CaturelliGastroenterology Unit, Ospedale Belcolle, Viterbo, Italy.
Marco ZoliDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Internal Medicine-Zoli Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Padova, Italy.
Rodolfo SaccoGastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Foggia University Hospital, Foggia, Puglia, Italy.
Giuseppe CabibboDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother & Child Care, Internal Medicine & Medical Specialties, PROMISE, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Fabio MarraDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Andrea MegaGastroenterology Unit, Ospedale Generale Regionale di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.
Filomena MoriscoDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
Antonio GasbarriniInternal Medicine, Gastroenterology, and Liver Unit, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Lazio, Italy.
Francesco Giuseppe FoschiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ospedale degli Infermi di Faenza, Faenza, Emilia Romagna, Italy.
Gabriele MissaleInfectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
Alberto MasottoGastroenterology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, Veneto, Italy.
Gerardo NardoneDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit, Federico II University Hospital, Napoli, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8344-6523
Giovanni RaimondoClinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3112-8587
Francesco AzzaroliDivision of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Gianpaolo VidiliDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Universita degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Filippo OliveriDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hepatology and Liver Physiopathology Laboratory and Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Filippo PelizzaroDepartment of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
Rafael Ramirez MoralesDepartment of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
Umberto CilloDepartment of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
Franco TrevisaniDivision of Medical Semeiotics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Luca MieleInternal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
Giulio MarchesiniDepartment of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna Hospital of Bologna Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy.
Fabio FarinatiDepartment of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) represents a new inclusive definition of the whole spectrum of liver diseases associated to metabolic disorders. The main objective of this study was to compare patients with MAFLD and non-MAFLD with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) included in a nationally representative cohort.

methodsWe analysed 6882 consecutive patients with HCC enrolled from 2002 to 2019 by 23 Italian Liver Cancer centres to compare epidemiological and future trends in three subgroups: pure, single aetiology MAFLD (S-MAFLD); mixed aetiology MAFLD (metabolic and others, M-MAFLD); and non-MAFLD HCC.

resultsMAFLD was diagnosed in the majority of patients with HCC (68.4%). The proportion of both total MAFLD and S-MAFLD HCC significantly increased over time (from 50.4% and 3.6% in 2002-2003, to 77.3% and 28.9% in 2018-2019, respectively, p<0.001). In Italy S-MAFLD HCC is expected to overcome M-MAFLD HCC in about 6 years. Patients with S-MAFLD HCC were older, more frequently men and less frequently cirrhotic with clinically relevant portal hypertension and a surveillance-related diagnosis. They had more frequently large tumours and extrahepatic metastases. After weighting, and compared with patients with non-MAFLD, S-MAFLD and M-MAFLD HCC showed a significantly lower overall (p=0.026, p=0.004) and HCC-related (p<0.001, for both) risk of death. Patients with S-MAFLD HCC showed a significantly higher risk of non-HCC-related death (p=0.006).

conclusionsThe prevalence of MAFLD HCC in Italy is rapidly increasing to cover the majority of patients with HCC. Despite a less favourable cancer stage at diagnosis, patients with MAFLD HCC have a lower risk of HCC-related death, suggesting reduced cancer aggressiveness.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularLiver NeoplasmsNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseHumansMaleRisk Factorshepatocellular carcinomanonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.