Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34933442›Full record

SynthesisCartilage2021

Infrared Thermography for the Evaluation of Inflammatory and Degenerative Joint Diseases: A Systematic Review.

Guglielmo Schiavon, Gianluigi Capone, Monique Frize, Stefano Zaffagnini, Christian Candrian, Giuseppe Filardo

Open access · bronzeAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Cartilage, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Thermography in Stroke-A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025
    Pooled it
  4. Utility of Infrared Thermography in Dogs with Osteoarthritis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Guglielmo SchiavonOrthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland.
Gianluigi CaponeOrthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-0575-703X
Monique FrizeCarleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Stefano ZaffagniniClinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica II, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
Christian CandrianOrthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland.
Giuseppe FilardoOrthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland.
Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli · ITUniversità della Svizzera italiana · CHUniversity of Ottawa · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveInflammation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of rheumatic diseases as well as in osteoarthritis. Temperature, which can be quantified using infrared thermography, provides information about the inflammatory component of joint diseases. This systematic review aims at assessing infrared thermography potential and limitations in these pathologies.

designA systematic review was performed on 3 major databases: PubMed, Cochrane library, and Web of Science, on clinical reports of any level of evidence in English language, published from 1990 to May 2021, with infrared thermography used for diagnosis of osteoarthritis and rheumatic diseases, monitoring disease progression, or response to treatment. Relevant data were extracted, collected in a database, and analyzed for the purpose of this systematic review.

resultsOf 718 screened articles 32 were found to be eligible for inclusion, for a total of 2094 patients. Nine studies reported the application to osteoarthritis, 21 to rheumatic diseases, 2 on both. The publication trend showed an increasing interest in the last decade. Seven studies investigated the correlation of temperature changes with osteoarthritis, 16 with rheumatic diseases, and 2 with both, whereas 2 focused on the pre-post evaluation to investigate treatment results in patients with osteoarthritis and 5 in patients with rheumatic diseases. A correlation was shown between thermal findings and disease presence and stage, as well as the clinical assessment of disease activity and response to treatment, supporting infrared thermography role in the study and management of rheumatic diseases and osteoarthritis.

conclusionsThe systematic literature review showed an increasing interest in this technology, with several applications in different joints affected by inflammatory and degenerative pathologies. Infrared thermography proved to be a simple, accurate, noninvasive, and radiation-free method, which could be used in addition to the currently available tools for screening, diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression, and response to medical treatment.

Indexed as

InflammationThermographyHumansinfrared thermographyjointsosteoarthritisrheumatic diseases

Identifiers

PMID34933442
PMCPMC8804782
OpenAlexW4200498431

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.