Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34933206›Full record

ReviewCurrent opinion in microbiology2022

Genetic mechanisms governing sporulation initiation in Clostridioides difficile.

Cheyenne D Lee, Arshad Rizvi, Adrianne N Edwards, Michael A DiCandia, Germán G Vargas Cuebas, Marcos P Monteiro, Shonna M McBride

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current opinion in microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Contact dependent suppression ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Clostridioides difficile pathogenesis and control.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. iMetaOmics · 2025
    Review
  8. Uncovering newMicrobiology spectrum · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
  10. The small acid-soluble proteins ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. The pH-responsive SmrR-SmrT system modulatesInfection and immunity · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Clostridioides difficile Sporulation.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Glycine fermentation byInfection and immunity · 2023
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Cheyenne D LeeDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Arshad RizviDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Adrianne N EdwardsDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Michael A DiCandiaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Germán G Vargas CuebasDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Marcos P MonteiroDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Shonna M McBrideDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: shonna.mcbride@emory.edu.
Emory University · US

Funding

PREDOCTORAL TRAINING PROGRAM IN GENETICST32GM008490 · NIGMS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI BOSS, JEREMY M. · 1993 to 2022
$8.0M
Host-induced Initiation of Clostridium difficile SporulationR01AI116933 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI SHONNA M. MCBRIDE · 2015 to 2026
$4.8M
Antimicrobial Resistance and Therapeutic Discovery Training ProgramT32AI106699 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Graeme L Conn, Joanna B Goldberg · 2014 to 2026
$2.7M
Mechanisms Underlying Nutrient-Mediated Sporulation in C. difficileR01AI156052 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI MCBRIDE, SHONNA M. · 2021 to 2025
$2.4M
Investigating the impact of collagenase in Clostridioides difficile pathogenesisF31DK126467 · NIDDK · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI VARGAS-CUEBAS, GERMAN GABRIEL · 2020 to 2024
$141k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI116933NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI156052NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI106699NIDDK NIH HHS F31 DK126467NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008490
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As an anaerobe, Clostridioides difficile relies on the formation of a dormant spore for survival outside of the mammalian host's gastrointestinal tract. The spore is recalcitrant to desiccation, numerous disinfectants, UV light, and antibiotics, permitting long-term survival against environmental insults and efficient transmission from host to host. Although the morphological stages of spore formation are similar between C. difficile and other well-studied endospore-forming bacteria, the C. difficile genome does not appear to encode many of the known, conserved regulatory factors that are necessary to initiate sporulation in other spore-forming bacteria. The absence of early sporulation-specific orthologs suggests that C. difficile has evolved to control sporulation initiation in response to its unique and specific ecological niche and environmental cues within the host. Here, we review our current understanding and highlight the recent discoveries that have begun to unravel the regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms by which C. difficile induces spore formation.

Indexed as

Clostridioides difficileAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsClostridioidesMammalsSpores, BacterialAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial Proteins

Identifiers

PMID34933206
PMCPMC9064876
OpenAlexW4200443037

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.