ArticleAntiviral research2022
Comparison of the effects of different potent adjuvants on enhancing the immunogenicity and cross-protection by influenza virus vaccination in young and aged mice.
Article in Antiviral research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunopotentiation by Natural Extracts: Mechanisms and Applications in Influenza Vaccine Adjuvant Development.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- MAGL-18c attenuates LPS-induced sepsis-associated liver injury by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling and remodeling medium- and long-chain fatty acid metabolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Reactivation of BCG vaccination SCAR after influenza vaccination: a case report.Oxford medical case reports · 2025Article
- Dual roles of influenza B virus neuraminidase mRNA vaccine in enhancing cross-lineage protection by supplementing inactivated split vaccination.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- From bark to bench: innovations in QS-21 adjuvant characterization and manufacturing.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Influenza 5xM2e mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine confers broad immunity and significantly enhances the efficacy of inactivated split vaccination when coadministered.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Supplementation of seasonal vaccine with multi-subtype neuraminidase and M2 ectodomain virus-like particle improves protection against homologous and heterologous influenza viruses in aged mice.Antiviral research · 2024Article
- Development of semisynthetic saponin immunostimulants.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2024Review
- Article
- Impact of hemagglutination activity and M2e immunity on conferring protection against influenza viruses.Virology · 2022Article
- Adjuvant Effects of a New Saponin Analog VSA-1 on Enhancing Homologous and Heterosubtypic Protection by Influenza Virus Vaccination.Vaccines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccination against influenza viruses suffers from low efficacy in conferring homologous and cross-protection, particularly in older adults. Here, we compared the effects of three different adjuvant types (QS-21+MPL, CpG+MPL and bacterial cell wall CWS) on enhancing the immunogenicity and homologous and heterosubtypic protection of influenza vaccination in young adult and aged mouse models. A combination of saponin QS-21 and monophosphoryl lipid A (QS-21+MPL) was most effective in inducing T helper type 1 (Th1) T cell and cross-reactive IgG as well as hemagglutination inhibiting antibody responses to influenza vaccination. Both combination adjuvants (QS-21+MPL and CpG+MPL) exhibited high potency by preventing weight loss and reducing viral loads and enhanced homologous and cross-protection by influenza vaccination in adult and aged mouse models. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell-wall skeleton (CWS) displayed substantial adjuvant effects on immune responses to influenza vaccination but lower adjuvant efficacy in inducing Th1 IgG responses, cross-protection in adult mice, and in conferring homologous protection in aged mice. This study has significance in comparing the effects of potent adjuvants on enhancing humoral and cellular immune responses to influenza virus vaccination, inducing homologous and cross-protection in adult and aged populations.
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Registered trials
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