SynthesisRevista de saude publica2021
Breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: Systematic review.
Synthesis in Revista de saude publica, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Skipping Breakfast with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of skipping breakfast on cardiovascular risk factors: a grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- National Food Consumption Survey (NIPNOD 2018-2023): Results of Dietary Habits and Diet Quality Among Adolescents in Croatia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dietary Behavior Clustering and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in a Large Population Cohort.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Relationship between skipping breakfast and metabolic syndrome among adults aged 35-74 years: a cross-sectional study in Northwest China, 2018-2020.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Chrononutrition and Energy Balance: How Meal Timing and Circadian Rhythms Shape Weight Regulation and Metabolic Health.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Why Do Adolescents Skip Breakfast? A Study on the Mediterranean Diet and Risk Factors.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Development and psychometric properties of a questionnaire on adolescents' home food environment.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Breakfast consumption patterns and associated factors among adolescent high-school students in Tullo District, Eastern Ethiopia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Macronutrients modified dietary intervention in the management of overweight/obese children and adolescents: a systematic review.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2024Article
- Development of a comprehensive risk prediction model for arterial stiffness assessment in individuals with obesity.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Dietary and Nutritional Profiles among Brazilian Adolescents.Nutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo systematically review the results of the association between breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents.
methodsThe articles were searched in May 2020 from PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The review included observational studies conducted with adolescents (10-19 years old), which estimated the association of breakfast skipping with at least one outcome (markers of body adiposity, blood pressure, serum lipid and glucose levels). Regarding the risk of bias, the articles were evaluated using the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Item Bank on bias risk and accuracy of observational studies. The quality of the evidence was assessed by the Grade rating.
resultsA total of 43 articles involving 192,262 participants met the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review. The prevalence of breakfast skipping ranged from 0.7% to 94% and 60.5% of studies were classified with low risk of bias. The significant association between breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors was found in twenty-nine cross-sectional articles (n = 106,031) and four longitudinal articles (n = 5,162) for excess adiposity, in three articles (n = 8,511) for high total cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, and in three studies (n = 6,303) for high blood pressure levels. However, there was no significant association between breakfast skipping and glycemic profile. According to the Grade rating, all the associations had low quality of evidence.
conclusionThe results of this review suggest that breakfast skipping is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. However, considering the low quality of the evidence, the present results should be interpreted carefully. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of standardizing the definition of breakfast skipping and that more prospective studies are needed to determine how skipping breakfast can affect cardiometabolic risk factors in the long time.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.