ArticleThe journal of trauma and acute care surgery2022
Firearm violence against children in the United States: Trends in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Child and Adolescent Firearm-Related Homicide Occurring at Home.JAMA surgery · 2025Article
- Comparison of Risk Assessment Tools' Prediction of Outcomes for Penetrating Trauma.The Journal of surgical research · 2025Observational
- The Recent Rise in Homicide: An Analysis of Weekly Mortality Data, United States, 2018-2022.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Domestic firearm violence against women (2018-2021).Surgery open science · 2024Article
- Effect of COVID-19 on pediatric gunshot wounds to the head at a level 1 trauma center.Surgical neurology international · 2024Article
- Trends in pediatric firearm-related injuries and disparities in acute outcomes.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- COVID-19, new challenges to human safety: a global review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Pediatric Firearm Injury Emergency Department Visits From 2017 to 2022: A Multicenter Study.Pediatrics · 2023Article
- Relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and structural inequalities within the pediatric trauma population.Injury epidemiology · 2023Article
- Preventable tragedies: findings from the #NotAnAccident index of unintentional shootings by children.Injury epidemiology · 2023Article
- Incidence of and Factors Associated With Recurrent Firearm Injury Among Patients Presenting to St. Louis Trauma Centers, 2010 to 2019 : A Cohort Study.Annals of internal medicine · 2023Article
- The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Violent Injuries in Children: A Literature Review.Advances in pediatrics · 2023Review
- When public health crises collide: 5 years of pediatric firearm injury prevention opportunities.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2023Article
- Variability in firearm injury among major pediatric trauma centers across the USA.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2023Article
- Are Children Harmed by Being Locked up at Home? The Impact of Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Phenomenon of Domestic Violence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Adolescent Trauma During the COVID Pandemic: Just Like Adults, Children, or Someone Else?The American surgeon · 2022Article
- Child Deaths by Gun Violence in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Article
- Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric trauma in Southern California.Pediatric surgery international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the patterns of firearm violence against children before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the patterns of specific types of firearm violence against children over time (2016-2020).
methodsRetrospective firearm violence data were obtained from the Gun Violence Archive. The rate of firearm violence was weighted per 100,000 children. A scatterplot was created to depict the rate of total annual child-involved shooting incidents over time; with a linear trendline fit to 2016 to 2019 data to show projected versus actual 2020 firearm violence. All 50 states were categorized into either "strong gun law" (n = 25) or "weak gun law" (n = 25) cohorts. Multivariate linear regressions were performed for number of child-involved shootings over time.
resultsThere were a total of 1,076 child-involved shootings in 2020, 811 in 2019, and 803 in 2018. The median total child-involved shooting incidents per month per 100,000 children increased from 2018 to 2020 (0.095 vs. 0.124, p = 0.003) and from 2019 to 2020 (0.097 vs. 0.124, p = 0.010). Child killed by adult incidents also increased in 2020 compared with 2018 (p = 0.024) and 2019 (p = 0.049). The scatterplot demonstrates that total child-involved shootings in addition to both fatal and nonfatal firearm violence incidents exceeded the projected number of incidents extrapolated from 2016 to 2019 data. Multivariate linear regression demonstrated that, compared with weak gun law states, strong gun law states were associated with decreased monthly total child-involved shooting incidents between 2018 and 2020 (p < 0.001), as well as between 2019 and 2020 (p < 0.001).
conclusionChild-involved shooting incidents increased significantly in 2020 surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that gun law strength was associated with a decreased rate of monthly child-involved firearm violence, public health and legislative efforts should be made to protect this vulnerable population from exposure to firearms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Epidemiological, level III.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.