ArticleLasers in surgery and medicine2022
Needle-free jet injection-induced small-droplet aerosol formation during intralesional bleomycin therapy.
Article in Lasers in surgery and medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacotherapy for Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Needle-free jet injection-induced small-droplet aerosol formation during intralesional bleomycin therapy.Lasers in surgery and medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesNeedle-free jet injectors are frequently used in dermatological practice. Injection-generated small-droplet aerosols could be harmful upon inhalation when chemotherapeutics, like bleomycin, are used. Here, we aim to explore jet injector-induced small-droplet aerosol formation of bleomycin in relation to air ventilation and to provide safety measures for clinical practice. MATERIALS AND
methodsWith a professional particle sensor, we measured airborne aerosol particles (0.2-10.0 µm) after electronic pneumatic injection (EPI), spring-loaded jet injection (SLI), and needle injection (NI) of bleomycin and saline (100 μl) on ex vivo human skin. Three levels of air ventilation were explored: no ventilation, room ventilation, and room ventilation with an additional smoke evacuator.
resultsEPI and SLI induced significant small-droplet aerosol formation compared with none after NI (0.2-1.0 µm; no ventilation). The largest bleomycin aerosol generation was observed for the smallest particles (0.2-1.0 µm) with 673.170 (528.802-789.453) aerosol particles/liter air (EPI; no ventilation). Room ventilation and smoke evacuation led to a reduction of ≥99% and 100% of measured aerosols, respectively.
conclusionJet injectors generate a high number of small-droplet aerosols, potentially introducing harmful effects to patients and healthcare personnel. Room ventilation and smoke evacuation are effective safety measures when chemotherapeutics are used in clinical practice.
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