ArticleBioMed research international2021
The Subscapularis Muscle: A Proposed Classification System.
Article in BioMed research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- An assessment of the variation of the intramuscular innervation of the gracilis muscle, with the aim of determining its neuromuscular compartments.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- An unreported infraspinatus muscle variation-two-headed infraspinatus minor muscle and three-headed fusion with the teres minor muscle.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2022Article
- A proposal for a new classification of the long head of the biceps brachii.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2022Article
- Relationships among Coracobrachialis, Biceps Brachii, and Pectoralis Minor Muscles and Their Correlation with Bifurcated Coracoid Process.BioMed research international · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundOn the basis of the available literature, we proposed the hypothesis that the number of muscle bellies is morphologically constant. The main purpose of this study was to examine the morphological variability of the SM and to create a new classification of it based on number of muscle bellies.
methodsSixty-six adult cadavers of Central European population (45 females, 21 males) were obtained and fixed in 10% formalin before examination.
resultsThe SM was found in all 66 specimens (45 females, 21 males, 31 left and 35 right sides). After meticulous dissection, we distinguished nine types on the basis of number of bellies. Type I was characterized by single belly and occurred in 1.5%. Type II had a double belly and was present in 3%. Type III, the most common type, occurring in almost 32% of the studied population, had three bellies. The frequency of type IV, characterized by four bellies, was also high, just over 30%. The following types were less frequent: type V with five bellies (18.2%), type VI with six bellies (7.6%), type VII with seven bellies (3%), type VIII with eight bellies (1.5%), and type IX with nine bellies (3%). All of the types had origin on the anterior surface of the scapula.
conclusionsThe SM is morphologically variable in the number of its bellies. Evolutionary changes are probably the reason. The most common type was the SM with three bellies, in line with Larson's model of the division of the SM into three parts. Subsequent studies should be carried out based on MRI or ultrasonography examination to confirm if it is possible to show all types (presented in this study) among group of patients during MRI.
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