ArticleScientific reports2021
Etazene induces developmental toxicity in vivo Danio rerio and in silico studies of new synthetic opioid derivative.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genotoxic Potential of Metodesnitazene and Etodesnitazene: Insights with and Without S9 Metabolic Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Structure-Activity Relationship of Flavonol O-Methylation Revealed by In Vitro, In Silico and Zebrafish Neurodegeneration Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cold plasma treatment as a way to sanitize bovine milk while maintaining full nutritional value, stability, toxicological and microbiological safety.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Preliminary Preclinical Evaluation of Innovative Bone Scaffolds Composed of Natural Sources-Whey Protein Isolate and Pearl Powder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Zebrafish embryo-larval testing reveals differential toxicity of new psychoactive substances.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Zebrafish: A Cost-Effective Model for Enhanced Forensic Toxicology Capabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Cureus · 2024Review
- Nitazene opioids and the heart: Identification of a cardiac ion channel target for illicit nitazene opioids.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology plus · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Synthetic opioids are gaining more and more popularity among recreational users as well as regular abusers. One of such novel psychoactive substance, is etazene, which is the most popular opioid drug in the darknet market nowadays. Due to limited information available concerning its activity, we aimed to characterize its developmental toxicity, including cardiotoxicity with the use of in vivo Danio rerio and in silico tools. Moreover, we aimed, for the first time, to characterize the metabolite of etazene, which could become a potential marker of its use for future forensic analysis. The results of our study proved severe dose-dependent developmental toxicity of etazene (applied concentrations 10-300 µM), including an increase in mortality, developmental malformations, and serious cardiotoxic effects, as compared with well-known and used opioid-morphine (applied concentrations 1-50 mM). In silico findings indicate the high toxic potential of etazene which may lead to drug-drug interactions and accumulation of substances. Furthermore, phase I metabolite of etazene resulting from N-dealkylation reaction was identified, and therefore it should be considered as a target for toxicological screening. Nonetheless, the exact mechanism of observed effects in response to etazene should be further examined.
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