ReviewMolecular cancer2021
Epigenetic modulation of antitumor immunity for improved cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Molecular cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 224 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
224 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolic immune checkpoints (MICs) in cancer: from molecular mechanisms to challenges and opportunities in clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Prognostic Relevance of Surgical Margins According to KRAS and BRAF Status in Colorectal Liver Metastases: BRAF-KRAS LiverMet Collaborative Group.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Observational
- Pharmacological targeting of ferroptosis in cancer: mechanisms, tumor immunity, and translational challenges.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- Natural killer cells in ovarian cancer therapy: mechanisms, evasion, and therapeutic innovations.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Epigenetic Plasticity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Mechanisms of Therapy Resistance, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Review
- Artificial "zombie" cells: An emerging platform for targeted drug delivery and disease treatment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Delivery Strategies for Oncolytic Viruses in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Progress, Mechanisms and Clinical Translations.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Review
- Adaptive resistance in cancer immunotherapy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Chromatin regulator expression patterns predict prognosis and guide neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Fundamental research · 2026Article
- Targeting the cytokine-epigenetic axis: a new paradigm and prospects for disease treatment.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- A prognostic model for breast cancer based on mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) signature genes.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- The expression status and clinical value of TIM-3 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Leveraging Macrophage Metabolic Reprogramming for Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Review
- Cell death pathways and targeting therapeutics in cancer therapy.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Host Determinants of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy: Immune, Genetic, Metabolic, and Lifestyle Factors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Epigenetic orchestration of cancer-immune dynamics: mechanisms, technologies, and clinical advancements.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Role of histone modifications in gastric cancer (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
164 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms play vital roles not only in cancer initiation and progression, but also in the activation, differentiation and effector function(s) of immune cells. In this review, we summarize current literature related to epigenomic dynamics in immune cells impacting immune cell fate and functionality, and the immunogenicity of cancer cells. Some important immune-associated genes, such as granzyme B, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, FoxP3 and STING, are regulated via epigenetic mechanisms in immune or/and cancer cells, as are immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT) expressed by immune cells and tumor-associated stromal cells. Thus, therapeutic strategies implementing epigenetic modulating drugs are expected to significantly impact the tumor microenvironment (TME) by promoting transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming in local immune cell populations, resulting in inhibition of immunosuppressive cells (MDSCs and Treg) and the activation of anti-tumor T effector cells, professional antigen presenting cells (APC), as well as cancer cells which can serve as non-professional APC. In the latter instance, epigenetic modulating agents may coordinately promote tumor immunogenicity by inducing de novo expression of transcriptionally repressed tumor-associated antigens, increasing expression of neoantigens and MHC processing/presentation machinery, and activating tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD). ICD provides a rich source of immunogens for anti-tumor T cell cross-priming and sensitizing cancer cells to interventional immunotherapy. In this way, epigenetic modulators may be envisioned as effective components in combination immunotherapy approaches capable of mediating superior therapeutic efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.