ArticleClinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)2022
Association of KIR gene polymorphisms with COVID-19 disease.
Article in Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association study between killer immunoglobulin-like receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to COVID-19 disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunologic research · 2024Pooled it
- Genetics of COVID-19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Innate immunogenetic synergy between KIR and Neanderthal-derived OAS variants predicts COVID-19 outcomes.PloS one · 2026Article
- MICBG406A polymorphism reduces risk of mechanical ventilation and death during viral acute lung injury.JCI insight · 2025Article
- NK Cells: A Powerful Squad Versus SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Role of Killer Ig-like Receptors in Diseases from A to Z.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Impact of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors and Human Leukocyte Antigen-E, Human Leukocyte Antigen-G Polymorphisms on Innate Immunity and COVID-19 Severity.Journal of immunology research · 2025Article
- Article
- The effects of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes on susceptibility to severe COVID-19 in the Iranian population.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Unraveling the dynamic mechanisms of natural killer cells in viral infections: insights and implications.Virology journal · 2024Review
- Article
- Should We Expect an Increase in the Number of Cancer Cases in People with Long COVID?Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Immune responses in mildly versus critically ill COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- A review of the main genetic factors influencing the course of COVID-19 in Sardinia: the role of human leukocyte antigen-G.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Evaluation of KIR3DL1/KIR3DS1 allelic polymorphisms in Kenyan children with endemic Burkitt lymphoma.PloS one · 2023Article
- Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Chain-Related α (MICA) STR Polymorphisms in COVID-19 Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Natural Killer Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Hallmarks of Severe COVID-19 Pathogenesis:Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- A Protective HLA Extended Haplotype Outweighs the Major COVID-19 Risk Factor Inherited From Neanderthals in the Sardinian Population.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Individualized Constellation of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors and Cognate HLA Class I Ligands that Controls Natural Killer Cell Antiviral Immunity Predisposes COVID-19.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNatural killer (NK) cells play an essential role against viruses. NK cells express killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) which regulate their activity and function. The polymorphisms in KIR haplotypes confer differential viral susceptibility and disease severity caused by infections. We investigated the association between KIR genes and COVID-19 disease severity.
methods424 COVID-19 positive patients were divided according to their disease severity into mild, moderate and severe. KIR genes were genotyped using next generation sequencing (NGS). Association between KIR genes and COVID-19 disease severity was conducted and significant correlations were reported.
resultsIn the COVID-19 patients, KIR Bx genotype was more common than AA genotype. The Bx genotype was found more frequently in patients with mild disease, while in severe disease the AA genotype was more common than the Bx genotype. The KIR2DS4 gene carried the highest risk for severe COVID-19 infection (OR 8.48, pc= 0.0084) followed by KIR3DL1 (OR 7.61, pc= 0.0192).
conclusionsOur findings suggest that KIR2DS4 and KIR3DL1 genes carry risk for severe COVID-19 disease.
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