ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
Viral RNA N6-methyladenosine modification modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses of human respiratory syncytial virus.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Live-attenuated vaccines of human respiratory syncytial virus for infants and young children: Progress and prospects of an old yet promising platform.Biosafety and health · 2026Review
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- Hypoxia inducible factors regulate pneumovirus replication by enhancing innate immune sensing.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- RNA modification-mediated multidimensional crosstalk: a novel perspective on gene expression regulation.Genome biology · 2026Review
- mFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Next-generation single-cycle respiratory syncytial virus vaccines with increased type I interferon induction yield robust systemic and mucosal responses in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Unveiling the role of m6A modification in esophageal cancer: a new frontier in tumor innate interferon immunity.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Strain-Divergent m6A Landscapes Modulate Nipah Virus Replication and METTL3 Inhibition Attenuates Virulence.Viruses · 2025Article
- RNA mCell investigation · 2025Article
- The Role of Chemical Modifications in the Genome of Negative-Sense RNA Viruses on the Innate Immune Response.Viruses · 2025Review
- N6-methyladenosine modification of the subgroup J avian leukosis viral RNAs attenuates host innate immunity via MDA5 signaling.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Bisulfite Sequencing to Map 5-Methylcytosine Sites in Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus RNA.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- RNA Modifications in Pathogenic Viruses: Existence, Mechanism, and Impacts.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Article
- Epitranscriptomic mScience advances · 2024Article
- Recent insights into NCurrent opinion in genetics & development · 2024Review
- mViruses · 2024Article
- Challenges to mapping and defining mRNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- mViruses · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory tract infections in humans. A well-known challenge in the development of a live attenuated RSV vaccine is that interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are strongly suppressed by RSV nonstructural proteins which, in turn, dampens the subsequent adaptive immune responses. Here, we discovered a novel strategy to enhance innate and adaptive immunity to RSV infection. Specifically, we found that recombinant RSVs deficient in viral RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and RSV grown in m6A methyltransferase (METTL3)-knockdown cells induce higher expression of RIG-I, bind more efficiently to RIG-I, and enhance RIG-I ubiquitination and IRF3 phosphorylation compared to wild-type virion RNA, leading to enhanced type I IFN production. Importantly, these m6A-deficient RSV mutants also induce a stronger IFN response in vivo, are significantly attenuated, induce higher neutralizing antibody and T cell immune responses in mice and provide complete protection against RSV challenge in cotton rats. Collectively, our results demonstrate that inhibition of RSV RNA m6A methylation enhances innate immune responses which in turn promote adaptive immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.