ArticleAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2021
Changes in alcohol use by cannabis use status among adolescents and young adults in the United States: Emerging evidence for both substitution and complementarity.
Article in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Change of substance-related hospitalisation in adolescents after cannabis legalisation in Thailand in 2022.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- State Cannabis and Alcohol Policy Environments: Associations With College Students' Use of Cannabis, Alcohol, and Both Substances.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Nonmonotonic Associations Between Cannabis Use Frequency and Alcohol Use in a Statewide Sample of Young Adults From Washington State.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Associations Between State Cannabis and Alcohol Policy Restrictiveness and College Students' Cannabis Use, Binge Drinking and Co-Use.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Content Analysis of Cannabis Discourses on Twitter/X in the U.S.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- "Unraveling the role ofReceptors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- "If You Need to Light Up … You Gotta Do What You Gotta Do": A Qualitative Study of Adolescent Attitudes Towards Cannabis Use and Comparison with Alcohol Attitudes.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2025Article
- Cannabis and Alcohol Use by U.S. Young Adults, 2008-2019: Changes in Prevalence After Recreational Cannabis Legalization.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Experience with dronabinol consumption facilitated a stimulant effect of alcohol and affected alcohol-related changes in frontal cortical endocannabinoid levels in male rats.Behavioural brain research · 2023Article
- Cannabis Recreational Legalization and Prevalence of Simultaneous Cannabis and Alcohol Use in the United States.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe majority of adolescents and young adults (AYA) who use cannabis also use alcohol. Although cannabis use is increasing in the United States (US), it is not known whether the increase contributes to either increased co-use of alcohol and cannabis (e.g., complementarity) or replacement of alcohol with cannabis (e.g., substitution). The current study estimated the prevalence of alcohol use by cannabis use status among US AYA ages 12 to 25 in 2018 and trends in alcohol use by cannabis use status from 2002 to 2018.
methodsData were drawn from the 2002 to 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health public use data files. The analytic sample included AYA ages 12 to 25 (2018 sample, n = 26,924; total combined sample 2002 to 2018, n = 576,053). Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate past-month alcohol use, daily alcohol use, and average quantity of alcohol consumed among AYA with and without past-month cannabis use from 2002 to 2018.
resultsIn 2018, any alcohol use and daily alcohol use were significantly more common among AYA who used cannabis use than those who did not use cannabis. Overall, any alcohol use, daily alcohol use, and average drinks per day declined from 2002 to 2018 among AYA irrespective of recent cannabis use. However, the decline in any alcohol use, daily alcohol use, and average alcohol drinks per day was more rapid among AYA who used cannabis (daily and nondaily) than those who did not use cannabis. The rate of decline in average alcohol drinks per day was also higher among AYA with daily compared to nondaily cannabis use.
conclusionsEven with declines in alcohol use over time, drinking is much more common among AYA who report cannabis than those without recent cannabis use, which is consistent with complementarity. Yet, because the decline in alcohol use has been more rapid among AYA who use cannabis, there is also evidence of substitution. Thus, the current data on alcohol and cannabis use are consistent with both complementarity and substitution. However, these relationships may change as cannabis legalization expands over time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.