ArticleGlobal spine journal2022
Coccydynia-The Efficacy of Available Treatment Options: A Systematic Review.
Article in Global spine journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of coccygectomy on sexual and social function in females with chronic coccygodynia: a cohort study investigation the impact of coccygectomy using patient reported outcome after one and two years.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Coccydynia caused by anatomical variation of the first coccygeal vertebra: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Ganglion Impar Neurolysis With 60% Alcohol for Refractory Post-Traumatic Coccygodynia: A Case Report With Sustained Relief.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Refractory Coccygodynia.Journal of medical cases · 2025Article
- A dynamic alphanumeric classification system for non-traumatic coccydynia: Further defining clinical and research paradigms.Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma · 2025Article
- Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of fracture‑dislocation of the coccyx (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Review
- Advances in Coccygectomy: A Comprehensive Review Evaluating Surgical Techniques for Coccygodynia.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Management of coccygodynia: talking points from a systematic review of recent clinical trials.Annals of joint · 2025Review
- A description and outcome evaluation of sacrococcygeal joint radiofrequency neurotomy for treatment of chronic coccydynia - A dorsal approach.Interventional pain medicine · 2024Article
- Coccygeal Nerve Blockade vs. Impar Ganglion Blockade in Coccydynia: A Randomised Clinical Trial.Cureus · 2024Article
- Article
- Radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT) for coccydynia: a prospective study of 14 patients.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Radiofrequency Ablation for the Management of Pain of Spinal Origin in Orthopedics.The archives of bone and joint surgery · 2023Review
- Effectiveness of physical therapy interventions for coccydynia: a systematic review with a narrative synthesis.Archives of physiotherapyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
designSystematic Review.
objectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of available treatment options for patients with persistent coccydynia through a systematic review.
methodsOriginal peer-reviewed publications on treatment for coccydynia were identified using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines by performing a literature search of relevant databases, from their inception to January 17, 2020, combined with other sources. Data on extracted treatment outcome was pooled based on treatment categories to allow for meta-analysis. All outcomes relevant to the treatment efficacy of coccydynia were extracted. No single measure of outcome was consistently present among the included studies. Numeric Rating Scale, (NRS, 0-10) for pain was used as the primary outcome measure. Studies with treatment outcome on adult patients with chronic primary coccydynia were considered eligible.
resultsA total of 1980 patients across 64 studies were identified: five randomized controlled trials, one experimental study, one quasi-experimental study, 11 prospective observational studies, 45 retrospective studies and unpublished data from the DaneSpine registry. The greatest improvement in pain was achieved by patients who underwent radiofrequency therapy (RFT, mean Visual Analog Scale (VAS) decreased by 5.11 cm). A similar mean improvement was achieved from Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT, 5.06), Coccygectomy (4.86) and Injection (4.22). Although improved, the mean change was less for those who received Ganglion block (2.98), Stretching/Manipulation (2.19) and Conservative/Usual Care (1.69).
conclusionThis study highlights the progressive nature of treatment for coccydynia, starting with noninvasive methods before considering coccygectomy. Non-surgical management provides pain relief for many patients. Coccygectomy is by far the most thoroughly investigated treatment option and may be beneficial for refractory cases. Future randomized controlled trials should be conducted with an aim to compare the efficacy of interventional therapies amongst each other and to coccygectomy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.