ReviewJournal of gastrointestinal cancer2021
Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma - a Review.
Review in Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impeding hypoxia-driven tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical and pre-clinical analyses using 2D and 3D in vitro models.Biology direct · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional culture of tumor cells (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Bridging dimensions: a comparative analysis of 2D and 3D in vitro models for hepatocellular carcinoma research.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- A Robust Marine Collagen Peptide-Agarose 3D Culture System for In Vitro Modeling of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Development.Marine drugs · 2025Article
- Cyclodextrin-Based Metal-Organic Framework as an Application Platform for Bioactive Ruthenium(III) Complexes.Inorganic chemistry · 2025Article
- Hepatocellular carcinoma drug resistance models.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- High-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs identifies colchicine as a potential therapeutic agent for atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs).RSC advances · 2025Article
- Review
- Suppression of CTC1 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth and enhances RHPS4 cytotoxicity.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- The impact of matrix stiffness on hepatic cell function, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma-Based on quantitative data.Biophysics reviews · 2024Review
- Applications and sensory utilizations of magnetic levitation in 3D cell culture for tissue Engineering.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- HYDRHA: Hydrogels of hyaluronic acid. New biomedical approaches in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and tissue engineering.Materials today. Bio · 2022Review
- Inhibition of eIF6 Activity Reduces Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThree-dimensional (3D) cell culture studies are becoming extremely common because of their capability to mimic tumor architecture, such as cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions, more efficiently than 2D monolayer systems. These interactions have important roles in defining the tumor cell behaviors, such as proliferation, differentiation, and most importantly, tumor drug response.
objectiveThis review aims to provide an overview of the methods for 3D tumor spheroid formation to model human tumors, specifically concentrated on studies using hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.
methodWe obtained information from previously published articles. In this review, there is discussion of the scaffold and non-scaffold-based approaches, including hanging drop, bioreactors and 3D bioprinting. RESULTS AND
conclusionThe mimicking of the tumor microenvironment (TME) as tumor spheroids could provide a valuable platform for studying tumor biology. Multicellular tumor spheroids are self-assembled cultures of mixed cells (tumor and stromal cells) organized in a 3D arrangement. These spheroids closely mimic the main features of human solid tumors, such as structural organization, central hypoxia, and overall oxygen and nutrient gradients. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy, and most difficult to overcome because of its drug resistance and tumor heterogeneity. In order to mimic this highly heterogeneous environment, 3D cell culture systems are needed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.