SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2021
Cost of Myopia Correction: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Economic evaluation, resource utilisation, and associated economic burden of myopia management: a systematic literature review.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- [Optimization of Comprehensive Prevention and Control Strategies for Myopia From the Persepctive of the Social Ecological Systems Theory].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025Pooled it
- Six-month repeated irradiation of 650 nm low-level red light reduces the risk of myopia in children: a randomized controlled trial.International ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Refractive and visual changes in the fellow eye after unilateral refractive surgery in patients with anisometropia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Current and emerging strategies for myopia control: a narrative review of optical, pharmacological, behavioural, and adjunctive therapies.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Childhood Myopia Part II: Treatment Mechanisms, Emerging Options, and Considerations.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Inhibition of lens-induced myopia in guinea pigs using a far-induced infrared ray material.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Nomogram-based prediction of continued axial elongation in children undergoing orthokeratology.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Awareness of Myopia Associated Complications and Perspectives on Myopia Management Among Parents of Children with Myopia in France and the UK.Patient related outcome measures · 2025Article
- Relationship between the morphology of the posterior pole of the eyeball and changes in choroidal structure and blood flow in myopia.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Refractive Errors, Amplitude of Accommodation, and Myopia Progression in Kazakhstani Medical Students: 5-Year Follow-Up.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Changing paradigm in the management of childhood myopia.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Trends in myopia development among Chinese children and adolescents in Xuzhou during one academic year.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Myopia Progression Interventions in Children.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Myopia progression in children and adolescents: impact of COVID-19 pandemic and current and future control strategies.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2023Article
- Quality of life and depression among patients with high myopia in Nigeria: a cross sectional study.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Different approaches for treating myopic choroidal neovascularization: a network Meta-analysis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Does being a myope reduce opportunities in the Indian armed forces?Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Investigation of the Efficacy and Safety of 650 nm Low-Level Red Light for Myopia Control in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Article
- Strategies and attitudes on the management of myopia in clinical practice in Spain.Journal of optometryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Myopia is one of the leading causes of visual impairment globally. Despite increasing prevalence and incidence, the associated cost of treatment remains unclear. Health care spending is a major concern in many countries and understanding the cost of myopia correction is the first step eluding to the overall cost of myopia treatment. As cost of treatment will reduce the burden of cost of illness, this will aid in future cost-benefit analysis and the allocation of healthcare resources, including considerations in integrating eye care (refractive correction with spectacles) into universal health coverage (UHC). We performed a systematic review to determine the economic costs of myopia correction. However, there were few studies for direct comparison. Costs related to myopia correction were mainly direct with few indirect costs. Annual prevalence-based direct costs for myopia ranged from $14-26 (USA), $56 (Iran) and $199 (Singapore) per capita, respectively (population: 274.63 million, 75.15 million and 3.79 million, respectively). Annually, the direct costs of contact lens were $198.30-$378.10 while spectacles and refractive surgeries were $342.50 and $19.10, respectively. This review provides an insight to the cost of myopia correction. Myopia costs are high from nation-wide perspectives because of the high prevalence of myopia, with contact lenses being the more expensive option. Without further interventions, the burden of illness of myopia will increase substantially with the projected increase in prevalence worldwide. Future studies will be necessary to generate more homogenous cost data and provide a complete picture of the global economic cost of myopia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.