ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2021
Short-Chain Fatty Acid and FFAR2 Activation - A New Option for Treating Infections?
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on abdominal symptoms and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- The Adolescent Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: Development, Mechanisms, and Translational Perspectives.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Myometrial Microbiome in Uterine Fibroids: Functional Dysbiosis Versus Limited Taxonomic Change.Biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Staphylococcus aureus adapts to the host nutritional environment by coordinating the activity of central metabolic enzymes.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Review
- Short-chain fatty acids butyrate and acetate limit Zika virus replication and associated ocular manifestations via the G-protein coupled receptor 43/FFAR2.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Mediterranean Pattern Diet in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review Focusing on Immunometabolites.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Tirzepatide and the gut microbiota-obesity axis: metabolic mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Lung dysbiosis disrupts an FFAR2-mediated innate immune circuit againstTheranostics · 2026Article
- An overview of the role of the gut microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis.Microbiome research reports · 2026Review
- GPR43 deficiency aggravates sepsis by promoting gut microbiota-dependent barrier disruption and HIF-1α-ENO1 axis-mediated M1 polarization of macrophages.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Article
- Propionate Induces Energy Expenditure via Browning in Mesenteric Adipose Tissue.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- The gut-skin axis: a bi-directional, microbiota-driven relationship with therapeutic potential.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Prebiotic and Functional Fibers from Micro- and Macroalgae: Gut Microbiota Modulation, Health Benefits, and Food Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Kombucha Prevents Indomethacin-Induced Enteric Damage in Wistar Rat by Enhancing Epithelial Gut Barrier and Modulating Gut Microbiota.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Rewiring the Brain Through the Gut: Insights into Microbiota-Nervous System Interactions.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Effect of Fatty Acids on Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes.Nutrition reviews · 2025Review
- Modulatory effects of in ovo delivery of galactooligosaccharide and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on antioxidant capacity, gene expression, and selected plasma metabolite parameters of broiler chickens.Journal of applied genetics · 2025Article
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Modulate the Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human innate immune system is equipped with multiple mechanisms to detect microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to fight bacterial infections. The metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate are released by multiple bacteria or are food ingredients. SCFA production, especially acetate production, is usually essential for bacteria, and knockout of pathways involved in acetate production strongly impairs bacterial fitness. Because host organisms use SCFAs as MAMPs and alter immune reactions in response to SCFAs, interventions that modulate SCFA levels can be a new strategy for infection control. The interaction between SCFAs and host cells has been primarily investigated in the intestinal lumen because of the high local levels of SCFAs released by bacterial microbiome members. However, members of not only the intestinal microbiome but also the skin microbiome produce SCFAs, which are known ligands of the seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor FFAR2. In addition to enterocytes, FFAR2 is expressed on other human cell types, including leukocytes, especially neutrophils. This finding is in line with other research that determined that targeted activation of FFAR2 diminishes susceptibility toward various types of infection by bacteria such as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.