Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34925844›Full record

ReviewEvolution, medicine, and public health2021

Integrating evolutionary aspects into dual-use discussion: the cases of influenza virus and enterohemorrhagic

Noble Selasi Gati, Ozan Altan Altinok, Sriram Kumar, Verónica A Ferrando, Joachim Kurtz, Michael Quante, Stephan Ludwig, Alexander Mellmann

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Evolution, medicine, and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Predicting pathogen evolution and immune evasion in the age of artificial intelligence.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Noble Selasi GatiInstitute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Ozan Altan AltinokDepartment of Philosophy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Sriram KumarInstitute of Virology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6464-1219
Verónica A FerrandoInstitute of Virology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Joachim KurtzInstitute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7258-459X
Michael QuanteDepartment of Philosophy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Stephan LudwigInstitute of Virology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Alexander MellmannInstitute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0649-5185

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Research in infection biology aims to understand the complex nature of host-pathogen interactions. While this knowledge facilitates strategies for preventing and treating diseases, it can also be intentionally misused to cause harm. Such dual-use risk is potentially high for highly pathogenic microbes such as Risk Group-3 (RG3) bacteria and RG4 viruses, which could be used in bioterrorism attacks. However, other pathogens such as influenza virus (IV) and enterohemorrhagic

Indexed as

dual-useenterohemorrhagic Escherichia colievolutioninfluenza virusSARSCoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34925844
PMCPMC8672939

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.