ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2021
The 4-Level Approach: Prevention of Suicidal Behaviour Through Community-Based Intervention.
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Economic evaluations of preventive interventions for self-harm and suicide: a systematic review.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- [Suicides in agriculture: a cross-population analysis based on Bavarian police crime statistics].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluation of the community-based suicide surveillance system in Northern Thailand using the RE-AIM framework.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Outcome Evaluation of a Multimodal Suicide Prevention Program Designed Through International Collaboration: Protocol for a Controlled Interrupted Time Series Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Community-Based 4-Level Intervention Targeting Depression and Suicidal Behavior in Europe: Protocol for an Implementation Project.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Integrating community health into primary care: two case studies from Barcelona's Raval neighborhood.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Empowerment of Italian general practitioners in depression and suicide prevention: the iFightDepression tool, a game changer of the EAAD-Best project.Annals of general psychiatry · 2024Article
- Advancing suicide prevention in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: a qualitative study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The Local Awareness-Raising of Public Mental Health in the Capital City of Poland through Launch of Local Alliance against Depression.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to the many different factors contributing to diagnostic and therapeutic deficits concerning depression and the risk of suicidal behaviour, community-based interventions combining different measures are considered the most efficient way to address these important areas of public health. The network of the European Alliance Against Depression has implemented in more than 120 regions within and outside of Europe community-based 4-level-interventions that combine activities at four levels: (i) primary care, (ii) general public, (iii) community facilitators and gatekeepers (e.g., police, journalists, caregivers, pharmacists, and teachers), and (iv) patients, individuals at high risk and their relatives. This review will discuss lessons learned from these broad implementation activities. These include targeting depression and suicidal behaviour within one approach; being simultaneously active on the four different levels; promoting bottom-up initiatives; and avoiding any cooperation with the pharmaceutical industry for reasons of credibility.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.