ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2021
How Is the Norepinephrine System Involved in the Antiepileptic Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation?
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Ibogalogs induce antiseizure activity in rodents by a mechanism involving 5-HTBiochemical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation modulates LPS-induced epileptogenicity: the role of inflammation suppression.Research square · 2026Article
- A deep representation learning model to predict response to vagus nerve stimulation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A Review of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Disease: Comprehensive Theory and Evidence for Mechanisms of Action.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Efficacy of vagus nerve stimulator during transition to adulthood in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2026Article
- Single-nucleus and spatial signatures of the brainstem in normal brain and mild traumatic brain injury in male mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy: Central Respiratory Chemoreception.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Interaction of the Vagus Nerve and Serotonin in the Gut-Brain Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Left and right vagus nerve stimulation: historical perspectives, clinical efficacy, and future directions.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
- Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) for Insomnia Disorder: A Narrative Review of Effectiveness, Mechanisms and Recommendations for Clinical Practice.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Review
- REM refines and rescues memory representations: a new theory.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Review
- Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels and epilepsy: genetics, circuits, and treatments.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Analgesic Effect of Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Oxaliplatin-induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in a Rodent Model.Experimental neurobiology · 2024Article
- A review of cell-type specific circuit mechanisms underlying epilepsy.Acta epileptologica · 2024Review
- Locus coeruleus features are linked to vagus nerve stimulation response in drug-resistant epilepsy.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive treatment for patients suffering from inoperable drug-resistant epilepsy. Although a complete understanding of the mediators involved in the antiepileptic effects of VNS and their complex interactions is lacking, VNS is known to trigger the release of neurotransmitters that have seizure-suppressing effects. In particular, norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter that has been associated with the clinical effects of VNS by preventing seizure development and by inducing long-term plastic changes that could restore a normal function of the brain circuitry. However, the biological requisites to become responder to VNS are still unknown. In this review, we report evidence of the critical involvement of NE in the antiepileptic effects of VNS in rodents and humans. Moreover, we emphasize the hypothesis that the functional integrity of the noradrenergic system could be a determining factor to obtain clinical benefits from the therapy. Finally, encouraging avenues of research involving NE in VNS treatment are discussed. These could lead to the personalization of the stimulation parameters to maximize the antiepileptic effects and potentially improve the response rate to the therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.