ArticleEarly child development and care2021
Risk factors and child outcomes associated with short and long interpregnancy intervals.
Article in Early child development and care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Maternal sociodemographic characteristics of short and long interpregnancy intervals in Japan: an analysis using national birth data.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Interpregnancy interval and adverse perinatal outcomes: A within-individual comparative method.Health science reports · 2024Article
- The effects of birth spacing on early childhood development in high-income nations: A systematic review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Interpregnancy intervals and child development at age 5: a population data linkage study.BMJ open · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Previous research assessing consequences of interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) on child development is mixed. Utilizing a population-based US sample (n=5,339), we first estimated the associations between background characteristics (e.g., sociodemographic and maternal characteristics) and short (≤ 1 year) and long (> 3 years) IPI. Then, we estimated associations between IPI and birth outcomes, infant temperament, cognitive ability, and externalizing symptoms. Several background characteristics, such as maternal age at childbearing and previous pregnancy loss, were associated with IPI, indicating research on the putative effects of IPI must account for background characteristics. After covariate adjustment, short IPI was associated with poorer fetal growth and long IPI was associated with lower infant activity level; however, associations between short and long IPI and the other outcomes were neither large nor statistically significant. These findings indicate that rather than intervening to modify IPI, at-risk families may benefit from interventions aimed at other modifiable risk factors.
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