ArticleBMJ open2021
Burden of chronic diseases associated with periodontal diseases: a retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does adopting a healthy diet improve periodontal parameters in patients susceptible to periodontal disease? A systematic review.Evidence-based dentistry · 2025Pooled it
- Periodontitis and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of electronic cigarette use on periodontitis and periodontal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Periodontal disease and subsequent risk of cardiovascular outcome and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis of prospective studies.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Oral microbiome dysbiosis mediates the link between emotional disorders and systemic inflammation in heart failure.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of non-surgical periodontal treatment to prevent strokes and myocardial infarctions in the United Kingdom.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- Dental infection is associated with early relapse in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis.RMD open · 2026Article
- Bidirectional association between oral diseases caused by plaque and the inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Japanese dental science review · 2025Review
- A Clinical Review of the Connections Between Diabetes Mellitus, Periodontal Disease, and Cardiovascular Pathologies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Key Bacterial Taxa Differences Associated with Polypharmacy in Elderly Patients.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Does Periodontitis Increase the Risk for Future Cardiovascular Events? Long-Term Follow-Up of the PAROKRANK Study.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2025Article
- Oral Pathogens' Substantial Burden on Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, Alzheimer's, Diabetes, and Other Systemic Diseases: A Public Health Crisis-A Comprehensive Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Microglial DBP Signaling Mediates Behavioral Abnormality Induced by Chronic Periodontitis in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Update on Focal Infection Management: A Czech Interdisciplinary Consensus.International dental journal · 2024Article
- How an increase in income affects the use of dental care services among a low-income population: evidence from the Finnish basic income experiment.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Smoking, Serum Albumin and 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Levels, and Bone Mineral Density Are Associated with Tooth Loss in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- The role of salivary galectin-3 and galectin-9 levels in plaque-induced gingivitis and periodontitis.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Impact of diabetes diagnosis on dental care utilization: evidence from Finland.Health economics review · 2023Article
- Uptake of hepatitis C direct-acting antiviral treatment in China: a retrospective study from 2017 to 2021.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo identify the association between periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) and chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, cardiometabolic disease, autoimmune disease and mental ill health.
designRetrospective cohort.
settingIQVIA Medical Research Data-UK between 1 January 1995 and 1 January 2019.
participants64 379 adult patients with a general practitioner recorded diagnosis of periodontal disease (exposed patients) were matched to 251 161 unexposed patients by age, sex, deprivation and registration date.
main outcome measuresLogistic regression models accounting for covariates of clinical importance were undertaken to estimate the adjusted OR (aOR) of having chronic diseases at baseline in the exposed compared with the unexposed group. Incidence rates for each outcome of interest were then provided followed by the calculation of adjusted HRs using cox regression modelling to describe the risk of outcome development in each group.
resultsThe average age at cohort entry was 45 years and the median follow-up was 3.4 years. At study entry, the exposed cohort had an increased likelihood of having a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (aOR 1.43; 95% CI 1.38 to 1.48), cardiometabolic disease (aOR 1.16; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.19), autoimmune disease (aOR 1.33; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.37) and mental ill health (aOR 1.79; 95% CI 1.75 to 1.83) compared with the unexposed group. During the follow-up of individuals without pre-existing outcomes of interest, the exposed group had an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.23), cardiometabolic disease (HR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.10), autoimmune disease (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.40) and mental ill health (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.33 to 1.42) compared with the unexposed group.
conclusionsIn this cohort, periodontal diseases appeared to be associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular, cardiometabolic, autoimmune diseases and mental ill health. Periodontal diseases are very common; therefore, an increased risk of other chronic diseases represent a substantial public health burden.
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