ArticleScandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine2021
Intramuscular uptake of tranexamic acid during haemorrhagic shock in a swine model.
Article in Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07614087 (A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Plasma Concentrations of Intraosseous and Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Joint Arthroplasty), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Plasma Concentrations of Intraosseous and Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Joint Arthroplasty
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subcutaneous Tranexamic Acid Achieves Comparable Serum Concentrations to Intramuscular Administration During Haemorrhagic Shock in a Swine Model.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Hemodynamic rescue after blast injury: intravenous administration outperforms intramuscular vasopressin in a swine model.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Article
- Local delivery of tranexamic acid for hemorrhage control in trauma: a narrative review.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2026Review
- Intramuscular vasopressin: A feasible intervention for prehospital hemodynamic stabilization in porcine hemorrhagic shock and whole blood transfusion.Transfusion · 2025Article
- Tranexamic acid needs to be implemented in mass casualty incident protocols.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTranexamic acid (TXA) reduce mortality in bleeding trauma patients, with greater effect if administered early. Serum concentrations above 10 µg/mL are considered sufficient to inhibit fibrinolysis. Normally administered intravenously (i.v.), TXA can also be administered intramuscularly (i.m.). This could be advantageous in low resource and military settings, if sufficient serum concentrations can be reached in shocked patients with reduced muscular blood perfusion. Accordingly, we aimed to: (1) Determine the impact of shock on the pharmacokinetics of i.m. TXA, and (2) Compare the pharmacokinetics of i.v. versus i.m. TXA in ongoing shock. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn a prospective experimental study, N = 18 Norwegian landrace pigs (40-50 kg), utilised in a surgical course in haemostatic emergency surgery, were subjected to various abdominal and thoracic trauma. After 1 h of surgery the animals were given 15 mg/kg TXA either i.v. or i.m. A control group without injury, or surgery, received intramuscular TXA. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 60 and 85 min. The samples were centrifuged and analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for TXA serum-concentrations.
resultsIn shocked pigs, i.m. administration resulted in a mean maximum serum concentration (C
conclusionsI.m. administration of TXA in shocked pigs provides serum concentrations associated with inhibition of fibrinolysis. It may be an alternative to i.v. and intraosseous administration during stabilisation and transport of trauma patients to advanced medical care.
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