ArticleMalaria journal2021
The effect of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) physical integrity on utilization.
Article in Malaria journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Assessment of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net (LLIN) ownership, utilization, and associated barriers in malaria-endemic communities of Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Assessment of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net (LLIN) Ownership, Utilization, and Associated Barriers in Malaria-Endemic Communities of Ethiopia.Research square · 2026Article
- Assessment of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net (LLIN) Ownership, Utilization, and Associated Barriers in Malaria-Endemic Communities of Ethiopia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Insecticide-treated net use and elimination of malaria in Sub-Saharan African countries: assessing the Global Technical Strategy using an evolutionary game approach.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Insights from LLIN post-distribution monitoring surveys in the malaria transmission foci of the Dominican Republic: implications for quantification and distribution strategies.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Reasons for low long-lasting insecticide-treated net use and repurposing: qualitative study from southern Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Preserving nets, protecting children: an evaluation of factors influencing the utilization and physical integrity of long-lasting insecticidal nets among under-five children in Osun State, Nigeria.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Long lasting insecticidal nets utilization and associated factors among households of West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A High Proportion of Malaria Vector Biting and Resting Indoors despite Extensive LLIN Coverage in Côte d'Ivoire.Insects · 2023Article
- Reported reasons for non-use of insecticide-treated nets in large national household surveys, 2009-2021.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Long-lasting insecticidal nets provide protection against malaria for only a single year in Burundi, an African highland setting with marked malaria seasonality.BMJ global health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundIn Ethiopia, despite improvements in coverage and access, utilization of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) remains a challenge. Different household-level factors have been identified as associated with LLIN use. However, the contribution of LLIN physical integrity to their utilization is not well investigated and documented. This study aimed to assess the association between the physical integrity of LLINs and their use.
methodsThis study employed a nested case-control design using secondary data from the Ethiopian LLIN durability monitoring study conducted from May 2015 to June 2018. LLINs not used the night before the survey were identified as cases, while those used the previous night were categorized as controls. The physical integrity of LLINs was classified as no holes, good, acceptable, and torn using the proportionate hole index (pHI). A Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model was used to assess and quantify the association between LLIN physical integrity and use. The model specifications included binomial probabilistic distribution, logit link, exchangeable correlation matrix structure, and robust standard errors. The factors included in the model were selected first by fitting binary regression, and then by including all factors that showed statistical significance at P-value less than 0.25 and conceptually relevant variables into the multivariate regression model.
resultsA total of 5277 observations fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Out of these 1767 observations were cases while the remaining 3510 were controls. LLINs that were in torn physical condition had higher odds (AOR [95% CI] = 1.76 [1.41, 2.19]) of not being used compared to LLINs with no holes. Other factors that showed significant association included the age of the LLIN, sleeping place type, washing status of LLINs, perceptions towards net care and repair, LLIN to people ratio, economic status, and study site. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: LLINs that have some level of physical damage have a relatively higher likelihood of not being used. Community members need to be educated about proper care and prevention of LLIN damage to delay the development of holes as long as possible and use available LLINs regularly.
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