ArticleBMC geriatrics2021
Social isolation, social support and loneliness as predictors of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Purpose in life and mortality: A meta-analysis of the published literature and individual-participant data of 488,765 participants followed for up to 32 years.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Social relationships and risk of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Health of Single Mothers: A Systematic Review.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of social relationships on the risk of stroke and post-stroke mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of social isolation and loneliness on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and bibliometric investigation.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Social Isolation and Social Support Influence Health Service Utilisation and Survival after a Cardiovascular Disease Event: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Are social isolation, lack of social support or loneliness risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Australia and New Zealand? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2022Pooled it
- Promoting Social Connectedness Through Interbrain Neurofeedback.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Trial
- Plasma proteomic signatures of social support and their association with cardiovascular disease and mortality: exploratory analyses in a national cohort study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Food insecurity, social isolation, and intrinsic capacity: An age-stratified analysis of US adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the association between cumulative social risk and life's essential 8 cardiovascular health scores in U.S. adults.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Health Literacy, Social Support and Quality of Life in Chinese Health Examination Population.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Chronic Disease Outcomes in Adults: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Factors Predicting Loneliness in Older Adults Attending Delaware Senior Center Programs.Delaware journal of public health · 2026Article
- Complete Digital Disconnection as a Prognostic Marker of Mortality or Residential-Care Transition in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Risk: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study.Research square · 2026Article
- Association of social isolation and loneliness with incident cardiovascular diseases: results from a nationally prospective cohorts in China.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Social support and associated factors among community-dwelling older adults in Singapore - a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Loneliness, social isolation, and social support in older adults with cardiovascular diseases: a cross-sectional study in a university-affiliated tertiary hospital in western Iran.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- Social support and epigenetic aging at the intersections of race, ethnicity, and gender: findings from NHANES 1999-2002.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Social Isolation and Incidence of Chest Pain and Mortality in Older Adults of the United States Population: A Cross-Sectional Study From NHANES 2001-2018.Health science reports · 2026Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPoor social health is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent research suggests that different social health domains should be considered separately as the implications for health and possible interventions may differ.
aimTo assess social isolation, low social support and loneliness as predictors of CVD.
methodsSecondary analysis of 11,486 community-dwelling, Australians, aged 70 years and over, free of CVD, dementia, or significant physical disability, from the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial. Social isolation, social support (Revised Lubben Social Network Scale), and loneliness were assessed as predictors of CVD using Cox proportional-hazard regression. CVD events included fatal CVD, heart failure hospitalization, myocardial infarction and stroke. Analyses were adjusted for established CVD risk factors.
resultsIndividuals with poor social health were 42 % more likely to develop CVD (p = 0.01) and twice as likely to die from CVD (p = 0.02) over a median 4.5 years follow-up. Interaction effects indicated that poorer social health more strongly predicted CVD in smokers (HR 4.83, p = 0.001, p-interaction = 0.01), major city dwellers (HR 1.94, p < 0.001, p-interaction=0.03), and younger older adults (70-75 years; HR 2.12, p < 0.001, p-interaction = 0.01). Social isolation (HR 1.66, p = 0.04) and low social support (HR 2.05, p = 0.002), but not loneliness (HR 1.4, p = 0.1), predicted incident CVD. All measures of poor social health predicted ischemic stroke (HR 1.73 to 3.16).
conclusionsAmong healthy older adults, social isolation and low social support may be more important than loneliness as cardiovascular risk factors. Social health domains should be considered in future CVD risk prediction models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.