Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34922462›Full record

ArticleBMC immunology2021

Immunogenicity profile in African green monkeys of a vaccine candidate based on a mutated form of human Interleukin-15.

Yunier Rodríguez-Álvarez, Lino Gerardo Batista-Roche, Alexey Llopiz-Arzuaga, Pedro Puente-Pérez, Rafael Martínez-Castillo, Jorge Castro-Velazco, Alicia Santos-Savio

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 84% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Transient expression of human interleukin-15 inPlant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Yunier Rodríguez-ÁlvarezPharmaceutical Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Avenue 31, PO Box 6162, 10 600, Havana, Cuba. yunier.rodriguez@cigb.edu.cu.
Lino Gerardo Batista-RochePharmaceutical Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Avenue 31, PO Box 6162, 10 600, Havana, Cuba.
Alexey Llopiz-ArzuagaChemistry and Physics Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Avenue 31, PO Box 6162, 10 600, Havana, Cuba.
Pedro Puente-PérezAnimal Facility Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Avenue 31, PO Box 6162, 10 600, Havana, Cuba.
Rafael Martínez-CastilloAnimal Facility Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Avenue 31, PO Box 6162, 10 600, Havana, Cuba.
Jorge Castro-VelazcoAnimal Facility Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Avenue 31, PO Box 6162, 10 600, Havana, Cuba.
Alicia Santos-SavioPharmaceutical Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Avenue 31, PO Box 6162, 10 600, Havana, Cuba.
Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología · CU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInterleukin (IL)-15 is a proinflammatory T-cell growth factor overexpressed in several autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Our initial strategy to neutralize the increased levels of IL-15 consisted in a vaccine candidate based on the recombinant modified human IL-15 (mhIL-15) mixed with the alum adjuvant. A previous study in non-human primates Macaca fascicularis has shown that vaccination induces neutralizing antibodies against native IL-15, without affecting animal behavior, clinical status, or the percentage of IL-15-dependent cell populations. However, the mhIL-15 used as an antigen was active in the IL-2-dependent cytotoxic T-cell line CTLL-2, which could hinder its therapeutic application. The current article evaluated the immunogenicity in African green monkeys of a vaccine candidate based on IL-15 mutant D8SQ108S, an inactive form of human IL-15.

resultsIL-15 D8SQ108S was inactive in the CTLL-2 bioassay but was able to competitively inhibit the biological activity of human IL-15. Immunization with 200 µg of IL-15 mutant combined with alum elicited anti-IL-15 IgG antibodies after the second and third immunizations. The median values of anti-IL-15 antibody titers were slightly higher than those generated in animals immunized with 200 µg of mhIL-15. The highest antibody titers were induced after the third immunization in monkeys vaccinated with 350 µg of IL-15 D8SQ108S. In addition, sera from immunized animals inhibited the biological activity of human IL-15 in CTLL-2 cells. The maximum neutralizing effect was observed after the third immunization in sera of monkeys vaccinated with the highest dose of the IL-15 mutant. These sera also inhibited the proliferative activity of simian IL-15 in the CTLL-2 bioassay and did not affect the IL-2-induced proliferation of the aforementioned T-cell line. Finally, it was observed that vaccination neither affects the animal behavior nor the general clinical parameters of immunized monkeys.

conclusionImmunization with inactive IL-15 D8SQ108S mixed with alum generated neutralizing antibodies specific for human IL-15 in African green monkeys. Based on this fact, the current vaccine candidate could be more effective than the one based on biologically active mhIL-15 for treating autoimmune disorders involving an uncontrolled overproduction of IL-15.

Indexed as

Alum CompoundsAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingCell ProliferationChlorocebus aethiopsCytotoxicity, ImmunologicHumansImmunizationImmunogenicity, VaccineInterleukin-15MiceMutationT-LymphocytesVaccinesAlum Compoundsaluminum sulfateAntibodies, NeutralizingInterleukin-15VaccinesAfrican green monkeysCTLL-2 cellsIL-15IL-15 D8SQ108SNeutralizing antibodiesVaccine candidate

Identifiers

PMID34922462
PMCPMC8684083
OpenAlexW4200539432

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.