Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34922338›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022

Infection With the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta Variant Is Associated With Higher Recovery of Infectious Virus Compared to the Alpha Variant in Both Unvaccinated and Vaccinated Individuals.

Chun Huai Luo, C Paul Morris, Jaiprasath Sachithanandham, Adannaya Amadi, David C Gaston, Maggie Li, Nicholas J Swanson, Matthew Schwartz, Eili Y Klein, Andrew Pekosz and 1 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
132citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
8.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

132 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Nanobodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 variants.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026
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72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Chun Huai LuoJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
C Paul MorrisJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Jaiprasath SachithanandhamW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Adannaya AmadiJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
David C GastonJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Maggie LiW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Nicholas J SwansonW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Matthew SchwartzJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Eili Y KleinDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USAand.
Andrew PekoszW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3248-1761
Heba H MostafaJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Johns Hopkins University · USCenter for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy · USNational Institutes of Health · US

Funding

The Center for Advancing Point of Care in Heart, Lung, Blood and Sleep DiseasesU54HL143541 · NHLBI · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI Nathaniel Scott Hafer · 2018 to 2026
$141.0M
LC: HIV Prevention Trials Network - Laboratory Support for the SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Study (CoVPN 5002)UM1AI068613 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SUSAN H ESHLEMAN, Mark A Marzinke · 2011 to 2026
$100.2M
Juntos (Together): A community led approach to enhance to Covid-19 testing among vulnerable LatinosR01DA045556 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI LUCAS, GREGORY M, PAGE, KATHLEEN R · 2017 to 2022
$6.8M
NCEZID CDC HHS U01 CK000589NHLBI NIH HHS U54 HL143541NIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201400007CNIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI068613NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA045556
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant of concern (VOC) B.1.617.2 (Delta) displaced B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and is associated with increases in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, greater transmissibility, and higher viral RNA loads, but data are lacking regarding the infectious virus load and antiviral antibody levels in the nasal tract.

methodsWhole genome sequencing, cycle threshold (Ct) values, infectious virus, anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, and clinical chart reviews were combined to characterize SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in the National Capital Region between January and September 2021 and differentiate infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals by the Delta, Alpha, and B.1.2 (the predominant lineage prior to Alpha) variants.

resultsThe Delta variant displaced the Alpha variant to constitute 99% of the circulating lineages in the National Capital Region by August 2021. In Delta infections, 28.5% were breakthrough cases in fully vaccinated individuals compared to 4% in the Alpha infected cohort. Breakthrough infections in both cohorts were associated with comorbidities, but only Delta infections were associated with a significant increase in the median days after vaccination. More than 74% of Delta samples had infectious virus compared to <30% from the Alpha cohort. The recovery of infectious virus with both variants was associated with low levels of local SARS-CoV-2 IgG.

conclusionsInfection with the Delta variant was associated with more frequent recovery of infectious virus in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals compared to the Alpha variant but was not associated with an increase in disease severity in fully vaccinated individuals. Infectious virus was correlated with the presence of low amounts of antiviral IgG in the nasal specimens.

Indexed as

COVID-19SARS-CoV-2Antibodies, ViralAntiviral AgentsHumansImmunoglobulin GAntibodies, ViralAntiviral AgentsImmunoglobulin GAlphacell cultureDeltaIgGSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34922338
PMCPMC8903351
OpenAlexW4200273758

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.