SynthesisNutrition reviews2022
Reducing salt intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis of behavior change interventions in adults.
Synthesis in Nutrition reviews, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Social Marketing as a Behavior Change Agent in Salt Reduction.Global heart · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of a Sodium Intake Monitoring Smartphone Application (NamakBan) on Clinical Outcomes of Patients Diagnosed With Hypertension: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Nursing open · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Effectiveness of a perforated spoon for reducing salt intake in a university cafeteria.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- Theory-Based Mobile App Intervention to Promote Healthy Salt Intake Among Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR human factors · 2025Trial
- Dietary Effects of Introducing Salt-Reduced Bread with and without Dietary Counselling-A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Article
- Psychological Determinants of Purchasing Behavior Among Individuals Indifferent to Reduced-Salt Products.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Factors associated with poor practice of dietary salt intake among patients with hypertension in a primary health care clinic in Malaysia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of BHATIN (Behavior-Tailored Intervention) for Self-Care Management and Clinical Biomarkers Among Patients with Hypertension: A Quasi Experimental Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Article
- Impact of Obesity on the Association Between Salt Intake and Blood Pressure in Adult Men With Hypertension Who Participated in the Remote Lifestyle Intervention.Journal of obesity · 2026Observational
- Ecological momentary assessment of meal context and food types contributing to salt intake at meals.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- Coastal residency and its association with diagnosed hypertension based on findings from a cross-sectional study in rural Bangladesh.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development and validation of food frequency questionnaire screener software for sodium intake among palestinian population.BMC nutrition · 2024Article
- Technology-supported behavior change interventions for reducing sodium intake in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Review
- Behavior Change Interventions to Address Unhealthy Food Consumption: A Scoping Review.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- Dietary intakes of hypertensive patients in rural India: Secondary outcomes of a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial.Dialogues in health · 2023Article
- High Salt Promotes Inflammatory and Fibrotic Response in Peritoneal Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Disparities in transitions of acute stroke care: The transitions of care stroke disparities study methodological report.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextProlonged high salt (sodium) intake can increase the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Behavioral interventions may help reduce sodium intake at the population level.
objectiveThe effectiveness of behavior change interventions to reduce sodium intake in adults was investigated in this systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCE: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and EMBASE databases were searched. DATA EXTRACTION: Narrative synthesis and random-effects meta-analyses were used to determine intervention efficacy. A total of 61 trials (46 controlled trials and 15 quasi-experimental studies) were included.
resultsBehavior change interventions resulted in significant improvements in salt consumption behavior (eg, decrease in purchase of salty foods; increase in use of salt substitutes), leading to reductions in sodium intake as measured by urinary sodium in 32 trials (N = 7840 participants; mean difference, -486.19 mg/d [95%CI, -669.44 to -302.95]; P < 0.001; I2 = 92%) and dietary sodium in 19 trials (N = 3750 participants; mean difference -399.86 mg/d [95%CI, -581.51 to -218.20]; P < 0.001; I2 = 96%), equivalent to a reduction of >1 g of salt intake daily. Effects were not significantly different based on baseline sodium intakes, blood pressure status, disease status, the use of behavior change theories, or the main method of intervention delivery (ie, online vs face-to-face).
conclusionBehavior change interventions are effective at improving salt consumption practices and appear to reduce salt intake by >1 g/d. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020185639.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.