Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34921308›Full record

ArticleNature biotechnology2022

A humanized mouse model of chronic COVID-19.

Esen Sefik, Benjamin Israelow, Haris Mirza, Jun Zhao, Rihao Qu, Eleanna Kaffe, Eric Song, Stephanie Halene, Eric Meffre, Yuval Kluger and 4 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biotechnology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
87citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Humanized immune system animal models and their recent applications.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026
    Review
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  20. Humanization of CD47 enables development of functional human neutrophils via postirradiation remodeling of the bone marrow.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article

27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Esen SefikDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6807-3498
Benjamin IsraelowDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1308-8246
Haris MirzaDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Jun ZhaoDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Rihao QuDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Eleanna KaffeDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Eric SongDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5448-5865
Stephanie HaleneSection of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2737-9810
Eric MeffreDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Yuval KlugerDepartment of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3035-071X
Michel NussenzweigLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0592-8564
Craig B WilenDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-9403
Akiko IwasakiDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7824-9856
Richard A FlavellDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. richard.flavell@yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4461-0778
Yale University · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USRockefeller University · USYale Cancer Center · US

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
Yale Pathology Tissue Services Shared ResourceP30CA016359 · NCI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI DAVID L RIMM · 1985 to 2026
$85.0M
Regulation of IgA class switching in the intestinal mucosaP01AI061093 · NIAID · MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF NYU · PI CUNNINGHAM-RUNDLES, CHARLOTTE · 2004 to 2021
$29.8M
TRAINING IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASEST32AI007517 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Jaimie Meyer, Albert C Shaw · 1997 to 2026
$6.1M
Viral and immune-mediated CNS pathology during SARS-CoV-2 infectionR01AI157488 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI FARHADIAN, SHELLI, IWASAKI, AKIKO · 2020 to 2024
$4.7M
The role of tuft cells in norovirus pathogenesisR01AI148467 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Craig Brian Wilen · 2020 to 2026
$3.9M
Immuno-Serological Assays for Monitoring COVID19 in Patients with Hematologic MalignanciesU01CA260507 · NCI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI FAN, RONG, HALENE, STEPHANIE · 2020 to 2024
$3.5M
Human Gut Commensal Cross-reactivity in Antiphospholipid SyndromeR01AI118855 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI KRIEGEL, MARTIN A., MEFFRE, ERIC · 2015 to 2019
$2.1M
Innate Control of Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2K08AI163493 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI GOLDMAN-ISRAELOW, BENJAMIN · 2021 to 2025
$969k
Role of virus-receptor interactions in determining norovirus tropism and pathogenesis in vivoK08AI128043 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI WILEN, CRAIG BRIAN · 2017 to 2021
$940k
Meningeal lymphangiogenesis effect on malignancy ofglioblastoma.F30CA239444 · NCI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SONG, HOYEON ERIC · 2019 to 2021
$111k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NCI NIH HHS F30 CA239444NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016359NCI NIH HHS U01 CA260507NIAID NIH HHS K08 AI128043NIAID NIH HHS K08 AI163493NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI061093NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI118855NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI148467NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI157488NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007517
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that can present as an uncontrolled, hyperactive immune response, causing severe immunological injury. Existing rodent models do not recapitulate the sustained immunopathology of patients with severe disease. Here we describe a humanized mouse model of COVID-19 that uses adeno-associated virus to deliver human ACE2 to the lungs of humanized MISTRG6 mice. This model recapitulates innate and adaptive human immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection up to 28 days after infection, with key features of chronic COVID-19, including weight loss, persistent viral RNA, lung pathology with fibrosis, a human inflammatory macrophage response, a persistent interferon-stimulated gene signature and T cell lymphopenia. We used this model to study two therapeutics on immunopathology, patient-derived antibodies and steroids and found that the same inflammatory macrophages crucial to containing early infection later drove immunopathology. This model will enable evaluation of COVID-19 disease mechanisms and treatments.

Indexed as

COVID-19AnimalsAntiviral AgentsDisease Models, AnimalHumansInterferonsLungMiceAntiviral AgentsInterferons

Identifiers

PMID34921308
PMCPMC9203605
OpenAlexW4200194366

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.