Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34921202›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Spatial attention in encoding letter combinations.

Mahalakshmi Ramamurthy, Alex L White, Clementine Chou, Jason D Yeatman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Mahalakshmi RamamurthyDevelopmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. maha10@stanford.edu.
Alex L WhiteDepartment of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York, NY, USA.
Clementine ChouDevelopmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jason D YeatmanDevelopmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Funding

Neural mechanisms of successful intervention in children with dyslexiaR01HD095861 · NICHD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI YEATMAN, JASON D · 2019 to 2024
$3.1M
Capacity limits in the neural circuitry of visual word recognitionR00EY029366 · NEI · BARNARD COLLEGE · PI WHITE, ALEXANDER LINDLEY · 2021 to 2023
$746k
Capacity limits in the neural circuitry of visual word recognitionK99EY029366 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI WHITE, ALEXANDER LINDLEY · 2018 to 2019
$233k
NEI NIH HHS K99 EY029366NEI NIH HHS R00 EY029366NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD095861NICHD NIH HHS R01-HD09586101
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reading requires the correct identification of letters and letter positions within words. Selective attention is, therefore, required to select chunks of the text for sequential processing. Despite the extensive literature on visual attention, the well-known effects of spatial cues in simple perceptual tasks cannot inform us about the role of attention in a task as complex as reading. Here, we systematically manipulate spatial attention in a multi-letter processing task to understand the effects of spatial cues on letter encoding in typical adults. Overall, endogenous (voluntary) cue benefits were larger than exogenous (reflexive). We show that cue benefits are greater in the left than in the right visual field and larger for the most crowded letter positions. Endogenous valid cues reduced errors due to confusing letter positions more than misidentifications, specifically for the most crowded letter positions. Therefore, shifting endogenous attention along a line of text is likely an important mechanism to alleviate the effects of crowding on encoding letters within words. Our results help set the premise for constructing theories about how specific mechanisms of attention support reading development in children. Understanding the link between reading development and attention mechanisms has far-reaching implications for effectively addressing the needs of children with reading disabilities.

Indexed as

ReadingAdolescentAdultAttentionCuesEye MovementsFemaleHumansMalePattern Recognition, VisualReaction TimeTime FactorsVisual Perception

Identifiers

PMID34921202
PMCPMC8683492

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.