ReviewSeminars in immunology2021
Polyvalent design in the cGAS-STING pathway.
Review in Seminars in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Cleaning, Chasing and Calming: Promising Paradigms of Senotherapy in Aging-Related Diseases.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Structural immunotherapy: Harnessing chemical design to build powerful next-generation therapeutics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Advances and Strategies in Enhancing mRNA Cancer Vaccines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Photoactivatable immunomodulator polyprodrugs for boosting synergistic antitumor immunity of STING agonists and IDO inhibitors.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Advances in the prerequisite and consequence of STING downstream signalosomes.Medical review (2021) · 2024Review
- Functionalized Polymeric Micelles for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Steps from Conceptualization to Clinical Trials.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Applications of cryo-EM in drug development for STING.Current opinion in structural biology · 2024Review
- The cGAS-STING pathway: a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications.Burns & trauma · 2024Review
- A non-lipid nucleic acid delivery vector with dendritic cell tropism and stimulation.Theranostics · 2024Article
- Biomimetic nanovaccine-mediated multivalent IL-15 self-transpresentation (MIST) for potent and safe cancer immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Enhancement of Immunotherapies in Head and Neck Cancers Using Biomaterial-Based Treatment Strategies.Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods · 2023Review
- Aerosolized immunotherapeutic nanoparticle inhalation potentiates PD-L1 blockade for locally advanced lung cancer.Nano research · 2023Article
- Phase Separation: The Robust Modulator of Innate Antiviral Signaling and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Polyvalent interactions mediate the formation of higher-order macromolecular assemblies to improve the sensitivity, specificity, and temporal response of biological signals. In host defense, innate immune pathways recognize danger signals to alert host of insult or foreign invasion, while limiting aberrant activation from auto-immunity and cellular senescence. Of recent attention are the unique higher-order assemblies in the cGAS-STING pathway. Natural stimulation of cGAS enzymes by dsDNA induces phase separation and enzymatic activation for switchlike production of cGAMP. Subsequent binding of cGAMP to STING induces oligomerization of STING molecules, offering a scaffold for kinase assembly and signaling transduction. Additionally, the discovery of PC7A, a synthetic polymer which activates STING through a non-canonical biomolecular condensation, illustrates the engineering design of agonists by polyvalency principles. Herein, we discuss a mechanistic and functional comparison of natural and synthetic agonists to advance our understanding in STING signaling and highlight the principles of polyvalency in innate immune activation. The combination of exogenous cGAMP along with synthetic PC7A stimulation of STING offers a synergistic strategy in spatiotemporal orchestration of the immune milieu for a safe and effective immunotherapy against cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.