Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34920749›Full record

ArticleChild and adolescent psychiatry and mental health2021

Polytraumatization in young male refugees from the Middle East and its association with internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

Usama El-Awad, Tilman Reinelt, Johanna Braig, Hannah Nilles, Denise Kerkhoff, Pia Schmees, Jana-Elisa Rueth, Atefeh Fathi, Mira Vasileva, Franz Petermann and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Usama El-AwadFaculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany. usama.el-awad@uni-bielefeld.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1746-5472
Tilman ReineltUniversity of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Johanna BraigDepartment of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Oberbettringer Str. 200, 73525, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
Hannah NillesFaculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
Denise KerkhoffFaculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
Pia SchmeesDepartment of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Oberbettringer Str. 200, 73525, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
Jana-Elisa RuethFaculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
Atefeh FathiCenter for Psychosomatic Psychotherapeutic Rehabilitation, Luisenklinik, Paulinenstraße 21, 70178, Stuttgart, Germany.
Mira VasilevaChild and Community Wellbeing Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
Franz PetermannCenter for Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen, Grazer Str. 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
Heike EschenbeckDepartment of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Oberbettringer Str. 200, 73525, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
Arnold LohausFaculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
University of Design Schwäbisch Gmünd · DEUniversity of Bremen · DEKlinik für Psychosomatik · DEThe University of Melbourne · AUUniversity of Zurich · CH

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung #GR-01GL1749APorticus Foundation (Europe) #GR-071645
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundYoung Middle Eastern male refugees are currently among the most vulnerable groups in Europe. Most of them have experienced potentially traumatic events (PTEs) such as rape, torture, or violent assaults. Compared to their peers, young refugees suffer more from internalizing and externalizing symptoms, especially when unaccompanied. Little is known about the cumulative impact of experiencing different types of PTEs on mental health outcomes (polytraumatization) of young male refugees from the Middle East. We investigated (1) whether there is a dose-response relationship between multiple PTE types experienced and mental health outcomes, (2) whether individual types of PTEs are particularly important, and (3) to what extent these are differentially associated with mental health outcomes among unaccompanied or accompanied peers.

methodsIn total, 151 young Middle Eastern male refugees in Germany (M

resultsHierarchical regression analyses revealed, while controlling for age, duration of stay, unaccompanied status, and post-migration stress, (1) a dose-effect between PTE types on both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Moreover, (2) regarding internalizing symptoms, violent family separation and experiencing life-threatening medical problems were particularly crucial. The latter was driven by unaccompanied refugees, who also reported higher levels of substance use.

conclusionsThe results extend findings from the literature and suggest that not only may greater polytraumatization be related to greater depression among refugees, but also to a range of other mental health outcomes from the internalizing and externalizing symptom domains. Furthermore, the results highlight the mental health risks that unaccompanied and accompanied refugee adolescents face after exposure to PTEs, and provide information for practitioners as well as researchers about event types that may be particularly relevant.

Indexed as

AnxietyDepressionExternalizing symptomsInternalizing symptomsPolytraumatizationPotentially traumatic eventsRefugee adolescents

Identifiers

PMID34920749
PMCPMC8684214
OpenAlexW4200237980

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.