Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34918477›Full record

ReviewESC heart failure2021

A year in heart failure: an update of recent findings.

Lorenzo Stretti, Dauphine Zippo, Andrew J S Coats, Markus S Anker, Stephan von Haehling, Marco Metra, Daniela Tomasoni

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in ESC heart failure, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Efficacy and safety of vericiguat in heart failure: a meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2023
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. 2024 update in heart failure.ESC heart failure · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
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  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.

Lorenzo StrettiCardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, Civil Hospitals; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Dauphine ZippoCardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, Civil Hospitals; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Andrew J S CoatsUniversity of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Markus S AnkerDepartment of Cardiology (CBF), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Stephan von HaehlingDepartment of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
Marco MetraCardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, Civil Hospitals; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Daniela TomasoniCardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, Civil Hospitals; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Civil Hospital Karachi · PKUniversity of Brescia · ITBerlin-Brandenburger Centrum für Regenerative Therapien · DEUniversity of Göttingen · DEUniversity of Warwick · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Major changes have occurred in these last years in heart failure (HF) management. Landmark trials and the 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of HF have established four classes of drugs for treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, namely, dapagliflozin or empagliflozin. These drugs consistently showed benefits on mortality, HF hospitalizations, and quality of life. Correction of iron deficiency is indicated to improve symptoms and reduce HF hospitalizations. AFFIRM-AHF showed 26% reduction in total HF hospitalizations with ferric carboxymaltose vs. placebo in patients hospitalized for acute HF (P = 0.013). The guanylate cyclase activator vericiguat and the myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil improved outcomes in randomized placebo-controlled trials, and vericiguat is now approved for clinical practice. Treatment of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was a major unmet clinical need until this year when the results of EMPEROR-Preserved (EMPagliflozin outcomE tRial in Patients With chrOnic HFpEF) were issued. Compared with placebo, empagliflozin reduced by 21% (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 0.90; P < 0.001), the primary outcome of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization. Advances in the treatment of specific phenotypes of HF, including atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, cardiac amyloidosis, and cancer-related HF, also occurred. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic still plays a major role in HF epidemiology and management. All these aspects are highlighted in this review.

Indexed as

COVID-19Heart FailureIron DeficienciesHumansQuality of LifeSARS-CoV-2Stroke VolumeAcute HFAdvanced HFCOVID-19DiagnosisHeart failureHFpEFHFrEFPrognosisTreatment

Identifiers

PMID34918477
PMCPMC9073717
OpenAlexW4200351168

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.