Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34918150›Full record

ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2021

Resilience and Social Support-Giving Scales: Conceptual and Empirical Validation.

Louise Hawkley, Kristin Wroblewski, Kathleen A Cagney, Linda J Waite

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In one paragraph

Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Social connection and cognitive health: A review of concepts, measures, and research priorities.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Louise HawkleyAcademic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7876-8560
Kristin WroblewskiUniversity of Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Kathleen A CagneyAcademic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Linda J WaiteAcademic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8997-5802

Funding

National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project: Round 5R01AG048511 · NIA · NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER · PI LINDA J WAITE · 2014 to 2026
$49.5M
National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (RMI)R01AG021487 · NIA · NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER · PI WAITE, LINDA J · 2003 to 2007
$12.2M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG048511NIH HHS R01AG021487
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis report introduces National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) data users to 2 new measures-one that assesses older adults' resilience, defined as personal attributes that indicate an adaptive reserve that can be drawn on during adversity, and a second that expands on existing measures of social support received from others to also assess social support given to close others.

methodData from 4,604 NSHAP respondents born 1920-1965 were used to conduct psychometric analyses and validation of our measures of resilience and social support-giving.

resultsScale reliabilities were acceptable for the 4-item resilience scale, and the 2-item scales for family support-giving and friend support-giving. The 2 spousal support-giving items did not cohere well as a single scale. The resilience scale exhibited significant correlations with criterion validation variables, even after adjusting for correlated personality traits. The support-giving scales, and the spousal support-giving items, also exhibited significant correlations with criteria, and with the resilience scale, even after adjusting for social support receipt. Scale means exhibited demographic differences. DISCUSSION: The resilience and social support-giving measures have acceptable psychometric characteristics (with the exception of spousal support-giving), convergent validity, and predictive utility net of related variables. NSHAP data users are offered several suggestions (key points) in the use of these measures in future research.

Indexed as

AgingHealth StatusPersonalityResilience, PsychologicalSocial InteractionSocial SupportSpousesAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHealth SurveysHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPsychometricsMental healthPersonalityPhysical healthRecoveryStress

Identifiers

PMID34918150
PMCPMC8678431

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.