ReviewJournal of travel medicine2022
Heterologous prime-boost strategies for COVID-19 vaccines.
Review in Journal of travel medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed.
- Amplifying immune responses via a parenteral prime-intranasal boost strategy using a lipidated chitosan nanoparticle-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Homologous MVA and heterologous DREP/MVA vaccine regimens induce robust and durable immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cross-protective immunity elicited by heterologous DNA prime/subunit or adenovirus boost regimens against bovine viral diarrhea virus.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Direct Cytoplasmic Transcription and Trimeric RBD Design Synergize to Enhance DNA Vaccine Potency Against SARS-CoV-2.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Cellular Immunological Memory T Cells andDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A pilot study on a heterologous prime-boost approach for inducing an immune response against double-layered human rotavirus particles.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Landscape of Prophylactic Strategies Against Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
- Article
- Hybrid Immunity in a Mozambican Cohort After 1 or 2 Doses of the BBIBP-CorV Vaccine.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Antibiotic-mediated selection of randomly mutagenized and cytokine-expressing oncolytic viruses.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Effect of heterologous intranasal iNCOVACCCommunications medicine · 2025Article
- Beyond the Pandemic Era: Recent Advances and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against Emerging Variants of Concern.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Longitudinal evaluation of T-cell responses to Pfizer-BioNTech and Janssen SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as boosters in Ghanaian adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Heterologous prime-boost vaccination drives stromal activation and adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Effective cellular and neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after mRNA booster vaccination is associated with pDC and B cell activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Enhanced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in returning Chinese individuals.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Comparing the protection of heterologous booster of inhaled Ad5-nCoV vaccine and hybrid immunity against Omicron BA.5 infection: a cohort study of hospital staff in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A single-dose intranasal live-attenuated codon deoptimized vaccine provides broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Sequential Immunization with Vaccines Based on SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles Induces Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Intranasal boosting with RBD-HR protein vaccine elicits robust mucosal and systemic immune responses.Genes & diseases · 2024Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectiveHeterologous prime-boost doses of COVID-19 vaccines ('mix-and-match' approach) are being studied to test for the effectiveness of Oxford (AZD1222), Pfizer (BNT162b2), Moderna (mRNA-1273) and Novavax (NVX-CoV2373) vaccines for COVID in 'Com-Cov2 trial' in UK, and that of Oxford and Pfizer vaccines in 'CombivacS trial' in Spain. Later, other heterologous combinations of CoronaVac (DB15806), Janssen (JNJ-78436735), CanSino (AD5-nCOV) and other were also being trialled to explore their effectiveness. Previously, such a strategy was deployed for HIV, Ebola virus, malaria, tuberculosis, influenza and hepatitis B to develop the artificial acquired active immunity. The present review explores the science behind such an approach for candidate COVID-19 vaccines developed using 11 different platforms approved by the World Health Organization.
methodsThe candidate vaccines' pharmaceutical parameters (e.g. platforms, number needed to vaccinate and intervals, adjuvanted status, excipients and preservatives added, efficacy and effectiveness, vaccine adverse events, and boosters), and clinical aspects must be analysed for the mix-and-match approach. Results prime-boost trials showed safety, effectiveness, higher systemic reactogenicity, well tolerability with improved immunogenicity, and flexibility profiles for future vaccinations, especially during acute and global shortages, compared to the homologous counterparts.
conclusionStill, large controlled trials are warranted to address challenging variants of concerns including Omicron and other, and to generalize the effectiveness of the approach in regular as well as emergency use during vaccine scarcity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.