ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2021
Clinical performance of high-risk HPV testing on self-samples versus clinician samples in routine primary HPV screening in the Netherlands: An observational study.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- What are the views and experiences of human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling for cervical screening in high-income countries? A qualitative systematic review using the Theoretical Domains Framework.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Self-Collected Vaginal Specimens for HPV Testing: Recommendations From the Enduring Consensus Cervical Cancer Screening and Management Guidelines Committee.Journal of lower genital tract disease · 2025Guideline
- Assessment of HPV screening modalities within primary care: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Self-collected vaginal specimens for human papillomavirus testing and guidance on screening exit: An update to the American Cancer Society cervical cancer screening guideline.CA: a cancer journal for cliniciansGuideline
- Comparison of three different hpv self-sampling tools - a subanalysis of the prospective, randomized hannover self-collection study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Trial
- Clinical Validation of a Vaginal Cervical Cancer Screening Self-Collection Method for At-Home Use: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- PAX1 and ZNF582 Methylation as a Triage Strategy in Cytologic and hrHPV+ Scrapings in Both Chinese and Dutch Cohorts.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping strategies for management of HPV-positive women in cervical cancer screening.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Indicators to identify cancer screening providers with suboptimal case detection: A scoping review.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Accuracy of human papillomavirus testing in detecting persistent or recurrent disease at follow-up after conization.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Quality and Suitability of Self-Collected Vaginal and Urine Samples for Human Papillomavirus Testing: A Prospective Matched Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Under which realistic circumstances is hrHPV self-sampling increasing cervical screening effectiveness in a partly vaccinated population? A modelling study.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Testing menstrual blood for human papillomavirus during cervical cancer screening in China: cross sectional population based study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Observational
- Evidence from Europe on implementation, participation and performance of self-collection for cervical cancer screening.Future oncology (London, England) · 2026Review
- HPV-Driven Cervical Carcinogenesis: Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- HPV self-sampling and physician-collected sampling for detection of precancerous lesions of the cervix.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Large-Scale Study Comparing Analytical and Diagnostic Quality of Three HPV Self-Sampling Devices for At-Home Cervical Cancer Screening.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Rural women choose self-sampling over a pelvic exam for cervical cancer screening: a mixed-method study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Clinical validation of a three-marker methylation panel to detect CIN3+ in vaginal self-samples in the Dutch population-based screening programme.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Targeting under-screened women in cervical cancer: combining self-sampling and human papillomavirus testing with a strategic reminder plan.European journal of public health · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing on self-collected samples has potential as a primary screening tool in cervical screening, but real-world evidence on its accuracy in hrHPV-based screening programmes is lacking.
methodsIn the Netherlands, women aged 30-60 years invited for cervical screening can choose between sampling at the clinician's office (Cervex Brush) or self-sampling at home (Evalyn Brush). HrHPV testing is performed using Roche Cobas 4800. We collected screening test results between January 2017 and March 2018 and histological follow-up until August 2019. The main outcome measures were mean cycle threshold (Ct) value, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 or cancer (CIN3+) and CIN grade 2 or worse (CIN2+).
findings30,808 women had a self-collected and 456,207 had a clinician-collected sample. In hrHPV-positive women with adequate cytology, Ct values were higher for self-collection than clinician-collection with a mean Ct difference of 1·25 (95% CI 0·98-1·52) in women without CIN2+, 2·73 (1·75-3·72) in CIN2 and 3·59 (3·03-4·15) in CIN3+. The relative sensitivity for detecting CIN3+ was 0·94 (0·90-0·97) for self-collection versus clinician-collection and the relative specificity was 1·02 (1·02-1·02).
interpretationThe clinical accuracy of hrHPV testing on a self-collected sample for detection of CIN3+ is high and supports its use as a primary screening test for all invited women. Because of the slightly lower sensitivity of hrHPV testing on a self-collected compared to a clinician-collected sample, an evaluation of the workflow procedure to optimise clinical performance seems warranted.
fundingNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (the Netherlands) and the European Commission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.