Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34917695›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2021

Extensively Drug-Resistant Typhoid Fever in the United States.

Michael J Hughes, Meseret G Birhane, Layne Dorough, Jared L Reynolds, Hayat Caidi, Kaitlin A Tagg, Caroline M Snyder, Alexander T Yu, Shana M Altman, Michelle M Boyle and 8 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Prolonged fever in ESBL-producingRadiology case reports · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance ofAnnals of laboratory medicine · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Combatting extensively drug-resistantPathogens and global health
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.

Michael J HughesDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Meseret G BirhaneDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Layne DoroughDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Jared L ReynoldsDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Hayat CaidiDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Kaitlin A TaggDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Caroline M SnyderDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Alexander T YuInfectious Diseases Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA.
Shana M AltmanIllinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois, USA.
Michelle M BoyleMaryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Deepam ThomasNew Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey, USA.
Amy E RobbinsNew York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.
HaeNa A WaechterNew York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA.
Irina CodyEmerging and Acute Infectious Disease Unit, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA.
Eric D MintzDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Bruce GuteliusDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Gayle LangleyDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Louise K Francois WatkinsDivision of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Waterborne Environmental (United States) · USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USCalifornia Department of Public Health · USIllinois Department of Public Health · USMaryland Department of Health · USNew Jersey Department of Health · USNew York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene · USNew York State Department of Health · USTexas Department of State Health Services · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid fever have been reported in the United States among patients who did not travel internationally. Clinicians should consider if and where the patient traveled when selecting empiric treatment for typhoid fever. XDR typhoid fever should be treated with a carbapenem, azithromycin, or both.

Indexed as

drug resistanceenteric fevermicrobialPakistanSalmonella Typhi infectiontreatment

Identifiers

PMID34917695
PMCPMC8669042
OpenAlexW3216056331

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.